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Eapearl Chemical
Ethanol, CAS 64-17-5 — chemical product label

Ethanol

Ethyl Alcohol

CAS 64-17-5 EC 200-578-6 C2H6O Precursor CLP Danger
MolGod_SDSCARD_1
REACH 2020/878
v2 · 23.09.2026

Specification

Product NameEthanol
Other NamesEthyl Alcohol
CAS No.64-17-5
EINECS No.200-578-6
MFC2H6O
Molecular weight46.07
Purity≥75%/96%/99%
AppearanceColorless liquid
Density0.789
Melting point-114 °C
Boiling point78 °C
Flashing point12 °C

Values are typical for the standard grade. Tighter specifications are available — state the target in your inquiry and we confirm against the production batch.

Hazard classification

GHS pictogram GHS02 — Flammable

Danger

Harmonised classification (EU) — ECHA Annex VI (harmonised, ATP 23; 2026-07-07)

  • H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour
Precautionary statements (3)
  • P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking
  • P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment
  • P241 Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting equipment

European Chemicals Agency. "ethanol; ethyl alcohol, Index No. 603-002-00-5." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Packaging and shipping

Drum160 kg
IBC Drum1000L
ISO tank20–24m³
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol

Ethanol is a widely used organic solvent and chemical intermediate, recognized for its excellent solubility, volatility, and compatibility across multiple industrial applications. It is extensively utilized in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, coatings, inks, disinfectants, and fuel blending.

High Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical ApplicationsHigh Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical ApplicationsHigh Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical Applications

High Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical Applications

Product Description

From a procurement perspective, high-purity ethanol ensures stable formulation performance, consistent quality control, and compliance with international standards. It serves as a critical raw material for manufacturers seeking reliable solvent performance, efficient processing, and scalable production outcomes.

With a stable supply chain, flexible packaging options, and strict quality assurance protocols, ethanol remains a cost-effective and essential solution for global B2B buyers in the chemical and manufacturing sectors.

High Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical Applications

High Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical Applications

Delivery&Payment method

High Purity Ethanol for Industrial, Pharmaceutical & Chemical Applications

Frequently asked

In what packaging is Ethanol shipped?

Standard formats are Drum (160 kg), IBC Drum (1000L), ISO tank (20–24m³). Other packaging can be arranged for full-container orders.

Is a safety data sheet available for Ethanol?

Yes, on request. Safety data sheets are issued per grade and destination market; state the country of import in your inquiry.

What purity do you supply?

The standard grade is ≥75%/96%/99%. Tighter specifications are confirmed against the production batch before shipment.

Technical reading on Ethanol

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🧬 3D-molecuulvisualisator
Molecuul laden...
3D-model Etanol, CAS 64-17-5, molecuulformule C2H6O, molaire massa 46.07 g/mol

Gegevens overgenomen uit regelgevende registers en vakliteratuur, met vermelding van bron en editie. Zij vervangen niet het veiligheidsinformatieblad van de leverancier. Velden zonder vastgelegde bron zijn als zodanig gemarkeerd.

📊 Fysisch-chemische gegevens — CAS 64-17-5MolGod_PROPHUB_MAIN
📊 Fysisch-chemische eigenschappen

Snel overzicht

Formule: C2H6O
MW: 46.07 g/mol
CAS: 64-17-5
Uiterlijk: Heldere, kleurloze, zeer beweeglijke vloeistof
Geur: Aangenaam

Gedetailleerde eigenschappen

A supplement to the „Physicochemical properties (database)” table below — repeated values are shown only once.

Eigenschap Waarde Eenheid Condities Bron
Viscositeit (η) 1.074 mPa.s at 25 °C[1] Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) ↗
Brekingsindex (nD) 1.3614[2] 20 °C, D-line Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
🔬 Geavanceerde eigenschappen

Chemische identificatoren

SMILES: CCO
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
InChIKey: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Gegevensbronnen: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)

Laatst bijgewerkt: niet bevestigd

📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties (Chicago Author-Date) (2 bronnen)
  1. NLM. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Library of Medicine. ↗ dotyczy: Viscositeit (η)
  2. Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. dotyczy: Brekingsindex (nD)
Chemisch overzicht: EtanolMolGod_OVERVIEW_1
MolecuulformuleC2H6O
Molecuulmassa46.07 g/mol
Smeltpunt-114.14 °C[1]
Kookpunt78.29 °C (760 mmHg)[1]
Dichtheid0.7893 g/cm³[1]
LogP (lipofiliteit)-0.31
pKa15.9
SMILESCCO

Synoniemen: Alcohol · Ethyl alcohol

Gegevensbronnen: PubChem (NLM/NIH), Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Laatst bijgewerkt: 2026-09-21

📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties (Chicago Author-Date) (1 bronnen)
  1. Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. dotyczy: Smeltpunt · Kookpunt · Dichtheid

WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK

[1]PubMed2026
GLP-1 and Alcohol-Related Behaviors: Insights From Preclinical Studies.
Jerlhag E. (2026). "GLP-1 and Alcohol-Related Behaviors: Insights From Preclinical Studies.". Biological psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.04.022
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[2]PubMed2026
Epigenetic pathways linking prenatal alcohol exposure to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
Pender SC, Beryoza M, Khoodoruth WNC et al.. (2026). "Epigenetic pathways linking prenatal alcohol exposure to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.". Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. https://doi.or
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[3]PubMed2026
Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.
Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[4]PubMed2026
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.
Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[5]PubMed2026
Linking prenatal alcohol-induced transcriptomic alterations to hippocampal-associated structural and behavioral deficits.
Dorman TA, Boschen KE. (2026). "Linking prenatal alcohol-induced transcriptomic alterations to hippocampal-associated structural and behavioral deficits.". Physiology & behavior. https://doi.org/10.10
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[6]PubMed2026
A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.
Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[7]PubMed2026
Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.
Doyle MA, Yoon HJ, Altemus ME et al.. (2026). "Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.". Molecular psychiatry. https:
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
[8]PubMed2026
Finerenone mitigates acute alcoholic myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.
Liu CH, Chu TH, Yang SM et al.. (2026). "Finerenone mitigates acute alcoholic myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.". Molecular medicine
Ga naar het volledige onderzoek ↗
📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties (Chicago Author-Date) 12 refs · 2 baz

MOLECULE Bibliografie per CAS (live uit 13+ databases)

Bronnen: db:pubmed (12) · db:Europe PMC (1)

  1. db:pubmed Jerlhag E. (2026). "GLP-1 and Alcohol-Related Behaviors: Insights From Preclinical Studies.". Biological psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.04.022 →
  2. db:pubmed Pender SC, Beryoza M, Khoodoruth WNC et al.. (2026). "Epigenetic pathways linking prenatal alcohol exposure to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.". Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106868 →
  3. db:pubmed Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525 →
  4. db:pubmed Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038 →
  5. db:pubmed Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069 →
  6. db:pubmed Doyle MA, Yoon HJ, Altemus ME et al.. (2026). "Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.". Molecular psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03660-x →
  7. db:pubmed Liu CH, Chu TH, Yang SM et al.. (2026). "Finerenone mitigates acute alcoholic myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.". Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-026-01532-2 →
  8. db:pubmed St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2 →
  9. db:pubmed Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236 →
  10. db:pubmed Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717 →
  11. db:pubmed Huh E, Ju IG, Kim SH et al.. (2026). "Traditional herbal medicine Hyangsapyeongwi-san inhibits alcohol-induced gastric injury in mice by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.". Journal of ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121961 →
  12. db:Europe PMC (2004). "Toxicology and carcinogensis. Studies of urethane, ethanol, and urethane/ethanol (urethane, CAS No. 51-79-6; ethanol, CAS No. 64-17-5) in B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).".
Regelgevingsstatus van de stof
Deze stof is onderworpen aan reglementaire vereisten: beheer van gevaarlijke afvalstoffen (BDO-register). Details in de sectie "Regelgevingsstatus (REACH/ECHA/CLP)" en op de SDS. Regelgevingsinformatie — beperkt de aankoop in deze winkel niet.
🧮 StoichiometrierekenmachineMolGod_STOICH_1
🧪 Chemische gegevensMolGod_CHEMDATA_1
CAS-nummer
64-17-5
Molecuulformule
C2H6O
Molaire massa
46.07 g/mol
SMILES
CCO
📚 Scientific literature (1 article)MolGod_LITSCI_1
📡 Data sourcesMolGod_SOURCES_1

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical propertiesMolGod_PHYSTAB_2
Density
0.7893 g/cm³ @ 20°C

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: date not confirmed

🔍 Externe identificatorenMolGod_EXTID_1
14 van 16 ID-systemen88%
DatabaseIdentificatorActies
CAS Registry Number64-17-5Openen →
PubChem CID702[1]Openen →
InChIKeyLFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Openen →
InChIInChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3[1]
SMILESCCO[1]
EC Number200-578-6[2]Openen →
DrugBankDB00898Openen →
KEGG CompoundD00068Openen →
HMDBHMDB0000108Openen →
ChemSpider682[3]Openen →
MeSH UID (NLM)D000431Openen →
UNII (FDA)3K9958V90MOpenen →
NSC Number (NCI)85228Openen →
WikiData QIDQ153Openen →

Bronnen: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties (Chicago Author-Date) (3 bronnen)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ dotyczy: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ dotyczy: EC Number
  3. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ dotyczy: ChemSpider

Dalsza literatura

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value given on this card.

Bibliografie (uitgebreid) (3)

  1. ★★★★☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS 💰 Betaalmuur (waarschijnlijk) ✓ geverifieerd Wang, M.L.; Wang, J.T.; Choong, Y.M.. 2002. "A rapid and accurate method for determination of methanol in alcoholic beverages using headspace gas chromatography." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. link [geraadpleegd: 2026-09-23]
  2. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ niet-geverifieerd Anonymous. "Ethanol and Water Adsorption in Conventional and Hierarchical All-Silica MFI Zeolites.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00026.s001. link [geraadpleegd: 2026-09-21]
  3. ★☆☆☆☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS ❓ ? ✓ geverifieerd Lachenmeier, D.W.; Sohnius, E.M.. 2007. "The role of acetaldehyde outside ethanol metabolism in the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages." Food and Chemical Toxicology. link [geraadpleegd: 2026-09-23]
📡 Spectroscopie — CAS 64-17-5MolGod_SPECHUB_MAIN
📊 Databases met spectroscopische spectra — inline-gegevens 9 bronnen MolGod_SPECDB_2

Spectra worden op aanvraag opgehaald uit 9 bronnen. Elk spectrum wordt opgeslagen in onze database — de volgende keer openen = geen enkele aanvraag naar de externe API. Download JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG bij elk spectrum zonder te zoeken.

IR IR (Infrared) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ Klik om het spectrum te laden
🔗 Bron
— punten
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
MS (NIST) Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ Klik om het spectrum te laden
🔗 Bron
— punten
📚 NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
▶ Klik om het spectrum te laden
🔗 Bron
— punten
📚 NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
¹H NMR NMR (¹H, ¹³C) — NMRShiftDB
CC-BY-SA 4.0
▶ Klik om het spectrum te laden
🔗 Bron
— punten
📚 Steinbeck C et al. (2003) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43(1):10–16 DOI: 10.1021/ci025588g
MS (MoNA) MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
▶ Klik om het spectrum te laden
🔗 Bron
— punten
📚 MassBank of North America (UC Davis) DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial

Referentiebron — geen openbare API. Openen in een externe database:

🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
📚 SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only

Referentiebron — geen openbare API. Openen in een externe database:

🔗 JP Monograph →
📚 Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)

Referentiebron — geen openbare API. Openen in een externe database:

🔗 WHO INN →
📚 WHO INN Programme
DOAJ DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
OA journal index (mixed)

Referentiebron — geen openbare API. Openen in een externe database:

🔗 DOAJ →
📚 DOAJ — doaj.org

De gegevens worden eenmalig opgehaald (JCAMP-DX-parser) en opgeslagen in de lokale database van de plug-in. Geen dubbele downloads, geen NIST-verzoeken bij volgende keren openen. Licenties worden gerespecteerd (alleen een deeplink en een eigen visualisatie worden gepubliceerd).

🔬 Interactieve spectra (live — NIST / MoNA / NMRShiftDB / SDBS) (2)

Gegevens worden live opgehaald uit meerdere bronnen (priority-chain). JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG beschikbaar om te downloaden onder elk spectrum. ⓘ Eén bron ★★☆☆☆

IR — Fourier-transform infrarood

IR — Fourier-transform infrarood wordt geladen…

MS — massaspectrometrie (EI 70eV)

MS — massaspectrometrie (EI 70eV) wordt geladen…

Structurele eigenschappenMolGod_STRUCT3D_1

Structurele gegevens worden geladen...

❓ Veelgestelde vragen (3)MolGod_FAQ_1
What is 64-17-5?
64-17-5 (CAS 64-17-5) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Nuttig?
What is the CAS number of 64-17-5?
The CAS number for 64-17-5 is 64-17-5. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
Nuttig?
How should 64-17-5 be stored?
64-17-5 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
Nuttig?
➕ Stel een vraag voor
Structuurbestanden downloadenMolGod_STRDL_1

Moleculaire structuurbestanden uit de PubChem-database (NIH). Compatibel met programma's: Avogadro, PyMOL, Jmol, ChemDraw.

Bron: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 702

🔄 Omrekenaar voor concentratie-eenheden LIVE MolGod_UNITCONV_1

Voer de concentratie Etanol in een willekeurige eenheid in — de rest wordt automatisch berekend.

MW: 46.07 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Conversieformules + citaten (per formule)
ConversieFormuleNauwkeurigheidBron
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliografie (8 gezaghebbende bronnen)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
Vergelijkbare moleculaire structurenMolGod_SIMSTR_1

Vergelijkbare structuren worden geladen...

🧪 Wizard voor het bereiden van oplossingen WIZARD MolGod_PREP_1
① Selecteer concentratie
② Doelvolume
③ Oplosmiddel

Berekeningen volgens: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Computationele chemieMolGod_COMPCHEM_1

Computationele gegevens worden geladen...

🔬 Gids voor zuiverheidscontrole Kwaliteitscontrole

Verifieer de zuiverheid van het reagens met gestandaardiseerde analytische methoden. Selecteer hieronder een testmethode en voer uw meetresultaten in voor automatische berekening.

🛡️ Veiligheid — CAS 64-17-5MolGod_SAFEHUB_MAIN
Mededeling over gegevensbeperkingen. De veiligheidsinformatie op deze pagina is uitsluitend ter informatie en vervangt geen volledig veiligheidsinformatieblad (SDS). Raadpleeg vóór gebruik van het product het actuele veiligheidsinformatieblad van de fabrikant en de GHS/CLP-richtlijnen. De CLP-indeling geldt voor de zuivere bulkstof, niet voor commerciële formuleringen.

GHS/CLP-indeling — Verordening (EG) nr. 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠️ Gevaar (Danger)
GHS02 — Ontvlambaar
GHS02 Ontvlambaar

🚨 Gevarenaanduidingen (H)

  • H225 — Licht ontvlambare vloeistof en damp.

🛡 Voorzorgsmaatregelen (P)

  • P210 — Verwijderd houden van warmte, hete oppervlakken, vonken, open vuur en andere ontstekingsbronnen. Niet roken.
  • P240 — Opslag- en opvangreservoir aarden.
  • P241 — Explosieveilige elektrische/ventilatie-/verlichtings-/…/apparatuur gebruiken.

✓ Geharmoniseerde indeling overeenkomstig bijlage VI bij de CLP-verordening (EG) 1272/2008 (officiële, bindende indeling). Indexnummer: 603-002-00-5.

Referentie (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "ethanol; ethyl alcohol, Index No. 603-002-00-5." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Vertalingen: CLP-verordening (EG) 1272/2008, Bijlage III en IV. Gegevens: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Geconsolideerde wetenschappelijke referenties — Chicago Author-Date 10 bronnen

Referenties verzameld uit alle tabbladen van de Safety Hub. CAS: 64-17-5 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Regelgeving
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

Tabbladen met eigen referenties (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) bevatten aanvullende bibliografische vermeldingen binnen hun respectieve secties.

📈 Analytische statistiek (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Plak een reeks herhaalde metingen (CSV of één getal per regel). De calculator berekent het gemiddelde, de standaardafwijking en 95% CI, en detecteert uitschieters (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Scheidingsteken: komma, spatie, tab, nieuwe regel. Minimaal 3 metingen.
📐 Statistische formules
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — rekenkundig gemiddelde
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — steekproefvariantie
  • s = √s² — standaardafwijking
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — relatieve standaardafwijking
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs-test
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Bron: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Bufferrecept-calculator UNIEK
Literatuur: pKa-waarden uit Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

Kies een buffer uit de lijst van 20 populaire systemen → voer de streef-pH in → ontvang een exact recept met de af te wegen massa's.

Stap 1: Kies een buffersysteem

📜 Receptgeschiedenis (laatste 10)
🚚 Transportclassificatie (ADR / IATA / IMDG) UN 1170
UN-nummer
UN 1170
Ethanol or ethanol solution
Transportindeling volgens ADR / VN-modelvoorschriften (VN-nummer, klasse en verpakkingsgroep hierboven). Controleer de op de verzenddatum geldende editie van ADR/IMDG/IATA.
Bron: Karta SDS sek.14 (kanon zmaterializowany)

🛣️ ADR Wegvervoer

Klasse:
3
Verpakkingsgroep:
II
Vervoersnaam:
Ethanol or ethanol solution

Bronnen: ADR 2025 ↗ · IATA DGR ↗ · IMDG Code ↗

📅 Project Planner — Lab Experiment Manager NIEUW

Plan uw volledige laboratoriumproject: voeg experimenten toe met reagentia, replicaten en duur. U ontvangt een Gantt-diagram, een boodschappenlijst (met links naar de winkel!), een budget met 10% marge en een GHS-risicomatrix.

🧪 Oplosbaarheid en compatibiliteit met oplosmiddelen MolGod_SOLUB_1
Molecuul
Etanol
Formule
C2H6O
logP (XLogP3)
-0.10
Massa (g/mol)
46.07
Polariteit
Hydrofiel (polair)

⚠️ HSP-schatting (literatuur / group contribution). Indicatieve gegevens — vervangen geen experimenteel onderzoek.

Ra < R₀ = good miscibility · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = borderline · above = poor (R₀ — radius of the Hansen sphere of this molecule) For this molecule R₀ = 7.5.

Oplosmiddel Compat. Ra Visueel GC-MS HPLC Toepassingen Referenties
Water (H₂O)miscible24.0
✗ NieA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)+ Goed0.0
✗ NieA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)+ Goed4.8
✗ NieA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetone− Slecht12.5
✗ NieB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)− Slecht16.2
✗ NieB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSO− Slecht13.0
✗ NieN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THF− Slecht12.0
✗ NieB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)− Slecht14.4
✓ TakB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)− Slecht15.4
✓ TakN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexane− Slecht21.4
✓ TakA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene− Slecht19.4
✓ TakB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties voor oplosmiddelen (Chicago Author-Date) — klik om uit te vouwen

11 solvents · 54 full citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — below.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Oplosbaarheidstheorie (toegepast bij de voorspelling van compatibiliteit):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP-triplet (dD, dP, dH) + Ra-formule.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Volledige tabellarische set van 250+ oplosmiddelen (ε, μ, doniciteit, acceptorgetallen).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 64-17-5 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Volledige bibliografie in het accordeon REFERENTIES (onderaan de pagina) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Controleer de reactiecompatibiliteit MolGod_RXNCOMP_1
0 3 0
Gezondheid: 0/4
Ontvlambaarheid: 3/4
Reactiviteit: 0/4
Volgens NFPA 704 / berekend uit H-codes

Controleer of Etanol compatibel is met een ander reagens

📦 Opslagcompatibiliteitsmatrix
Zuren Basen Oxidatoren Ontvlambaar Giftig Gazy
Zuren ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Basen ✗ ✓ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠
Oxidatoren ✗ ⚠ ✓ ✗ ⚠ ✗
Ontvlambaar ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✓ ⚠ ✗
Giftig ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ⚠ ✓ ⚠
Gazy ✗ ⚠ ✗ ✗ ⚠ ✓
✓ Samen te bewaren · ⚠ Voorzichtig · ✗ NIET samen bewaren · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Compatibiliteitsgegevens uit: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Laboratoriumcalculators (8) MolGod_LABCALC_1
Verdunning (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molariteit (M=n/V)
pH-buffer (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Massa → Mol
Concentratie % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperatuur C↔F↔K

Geverifieerde formules: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Spectroscopische spectradatabases MolGod_SPECDB_3
📋 Generator van laboratoriumprotocollen MolGod_PROTOCOL_1

Protocol gegenereerd op basis van: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Etikettengenerator (QR) MolGod_LABEL_1
Ethanol• Alcohol / Ethyl alcohol• CAS: 64-17-5• EC: 200-578-6• Formule: C2H6O• Massa: 46.07 g/molGEVAARGHS-GEVARENAANDUIDINGEN:H225P210 P240 P241Uitsluitend voor laboratoriumgebruik!Anhui Eapearl Chemical Co., Ltd.12th Floor, Tongguan Number Valley, Tongling, Anhui, China+86 186 5620 1888[email protected]epchems.com
Deskryptory Lipinskiego (struktura)
ADMET-voorspellingen worden geladen…
Historische incidenten (CSB/EPA/Bretherick)

Deze database bevat uitsluitend ernstige industriële en laboratoriumincidenten (CSB, EPA RMP, Bretherick). Het ontbreken van een record betekent NIET dat de stof veilig is — de database is onvolledig.

Historische incidenten (1)

  1. 2005-03-23 Texas City, Texas, USA (BP Products North America refinery, ISOM unit) Catastrofaal explosion
    Stoffen: Hydrocarbon raffinate (ethanol-grade isomerate) (CAS 64-17-5) + Oxygen / atmospheric air (CAS 7782-44-7)
    15 ofiar smiertelnych 180 rannych

    Podczas rozruchu kolumny izomeryzacji raffinate splitter doszlo do przepelnienia kolumny i nadcisnienia w systemie blowdown drum. Zawory bezpieczenstwa odprowadzily palne weglowodory do atmosferycznego komina (blowdown stack), tworzac chmure gazowo-cieczowa nad zatlonzonymi przyczepami biurowymi. Zaplon (przypuszczalnie z silnika diesla pikapa) wywolal vapor cloud explosion (VCE).

    Grondoorzaak: Atmosferyczny blowdown stack zamiast flare. Brak kalibracji wskaznikow poziomu w kolumnie. 5 dni przedluzonego rozruchu z brakiem snu obslugi. Cuts in budget for maintenance i safety culture failure (CSB ustalil systemowe przyczyny korporacyjne).
    Geleerde lessen: Eliminacja atmospheric blowdown stacks (zastapienie flare). Mechaniczne barierki/odleglosc pomiedzy procesami a obszarami zamieszkalymi. Process Safety Management (PSM) audity nie moga byc tylko papierowe.
    Primaire bron: U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB) Investigation Report No. 2005-04-I-TX
    Bibliografie (Chicago auteur-datum)
    • U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. 2007. Investigation Report: Refinery Explosion and Fire, BP Texas City. Report No. 2005-04-I-TX. Washington, DC: CSB.
    • Baker, James A., et al. 2007. The Report of the BP U.S. Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel. Houston: BP.
    • Hopkins, Andrew. 2008. Failure to Learn: The BP Texas City Refinery Disaster. Sydney: CCH Australia.
📚 Data sources o incydentach
  1. Jerlhag E. (2026). "GLP-1 and Alcohol-Related Behaviors: Insights From Preclinical Studies.". Biological psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.04.022 [DOI]
  2. Pender SC, Beryoza M, Khoodoruth WNC et al.. (2026). "Epigenetic pathways linking prenatal alcohol exposure to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.". Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106868 [DOI]
  3. Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525 [DOI]
  4. Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038 [DOI]
  5. Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069 [DOI]
  6. Doyle MA, Yoon HJ, Altemus ME et al.. (2026). "Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.". Molecular psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03660-x [DOI]
  7. Liu CH, Chu TH, Yang SM et al.. (2026). "Finerenone mitigates acute alcoholic myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.". Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-026-01532-2 [DOI]
  8. St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2 [DOI]
  9. Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236 [DOI]
  10. Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717 [DOI]
⏳ Stabiliteits- & houdbaarheidsadviseur Arrhenius
Methodologie: Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(-Ea/RT). Citeren: Connors KA et al. 1986 · ICH Q1A(R2)

Voer de bewaaromstandigheden in → het Arrhenius-algoritme voorspelt de resterende concentratie, de halveringstijd en een gebruiksaanbeveling.

Visuele tekenen van afbraak:
❄️ Bewaaraanbevelingen
Temperature:
15-25°C
Light:
Ambient
Container:
HDPE/glass
Incompatible:
Oxidizers, acid chlorides
🧪 Assistent voor bereiding van oplossingen (Smart Prep) MolGod_PREP_2

Voer in wat u wilt bereiden — ik genereer een SOP

Voorbeelden hieronder — klik om in te voegen:
Voorgedefinieerde recepten:
📚 Overzicht van de wetenschappelijke literatuur — CAS 64-17-5MolGod_LITHUB_MAIN
⭐ Belangrijkste bevindingen (wetenschappelijke literatuur) 8 publicaties
🏆 CAS 64-17-5 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citaties · 20% recentheid · 20% onderwerp · 15% historisch · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators (2018) · The Lancet
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · wysoki impact (1860 citations)
    SCORE 14.46 Farmacologie MUST-CITE Citations: 1860 DOI ↗
  2. #2
    Rehm, J.; Mathers, C.; Popova, S.; Thavorncharoensap, M.; Teerawattananon, Y.; Patra, J. (2012) · The Lancet
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · wysoki impact (4100 citations)
    SCORE 13.69 Farmacologie MUST-CITE Citations: 4100 DOI ↗
  3. #3
    Connor, J. (2015) · Addiction
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · 580 citations · overzichtsartikel
    SCORE 11.59 Overzicht MUST-CITE Citations: 580 DOI ↗
  4. #4
    The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants
    Edenberg, H.J. (1996) · Alcohol Research & Health
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · 820 citations
    SCORE 11.34 Mechanisme MUST-CITE Citations: 820
  5. #5
    Bruder, E.D.; Pacurari, M.; Beierle, E.A. (review) (2007) · Hepatology / Gastroenterology
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · 480 citations
    SCORE 8.85 Mechanisme MUST-CITE Citations: 480 DOI ↗
  6. #6
    Lachenmeier, D.W.; Sohnius, E.M. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · 340 citations
    SCORE 8.4 Analytiek MUST-CITE Citations: 340 DOI ↗
  7. #7
    Cornell, N.W.; Lund, P.; Hems, R.; Krebs, H.A. (1987) · Biochemical Journal
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · 340 citations
    SCORE 8.4 Mechanisme MUST-CITE Citations: 340 DOI ↗
  8. #8
    Wang, M.L.; Wang, J.T.; Choong, Y.M. (2002) · Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
    Waarom het belangrijk is: Verplicht citaat (canon) · 140 citations
    SCORE 7.25 Analytiek MUST-CITE Citations: 140 DOI ↗
🔬 HPLC — methoden en parameters — CAS 64-17-5MolGod_HPLCHUB_MAIN
🔬 HPLC/GC-methoden (1 metoda)
📄
Identification of the Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Smilax china L. and Determination of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Properties
HPLCInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences202388% ✓CC-BYResearch method (specificity, robustness)
Kolom: C18
Fase: was acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (solvent B)
Detectie: UV 295 nm
Debiet: 0.80 mL/min
Temp.: 25.0 °C
Inj.: 200 μL
Gradient: solvent system was as follows: 0–10 min, 15–25% A
Li X, Liu S, Jin W, Zhang W, Zheng G. Identification of the Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Smilax china L. and Determination of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24:5158. doi:10.3390/ijms24065158
🔗 DOI🏠 PMC📚 PubMed📄 PDF
The aim of this work was to investigate the xanthine oxidase (XO)-inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts from Smilax china L. and to identify the active compounds in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction. Extraction of ethanol extracts from Smilax china L. and then ethanol extracts were concentrated, and the polyphenolic compounds were extracted with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform, EtOAc, n-butanol (n-BuOH), and residual ethanol fractions. Their effects on XO activity were then compared separately. The polyphenolic components of the EtOAc fraction were identified by HPLC and HPLC–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that all these extracts showed XO-inhibitory properties, and among them the EtOAc fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 101.04 μg/mL). The inhibitory constant (Ki) of the EtOAc fraction on XO activity was 65.20 μg/mL, showing excellent inhibition on XO in the competitive mode. Sixteen compounds were identified from the EtOAc fraction. The study demonstrates that the EtOAc fraction of Smilax china L. may be a potential functional food to inhibit XO activity.
L. extractxanthine oxidaseethyl acetate fractioncompetitive inhibitorHPLC–MS
📈 Methodevalidatie (ICH Q2)

Geen validatiegegevens. Neem contact op met de auteur van de methode.

Parameters volgens: ICH Q2(R2) ↗

🔧 Probleemoplossing HPLC/GC
Brede pieken / tailing
Oorzaken: Versleten kolom, verkeerde pH van de mobiele fase, kolomoverbelasting, dood volume
Oplossing: Vervang de kolom, controleer de buffer-pH (±0.2), verlaag het injectievolume, controleer de verbindingen
Basislijndrift
Oorzaken: Verontreinigde mobiele fase, gradiëntproblemen, onstabiele temperatuur
Oplossing: Ontgas de fase, filtreer 0.22 µm, stabiliseer de kolomtemperatuur, spoel het systeem
Geen piek
Oorzaken: Verkeerde golflengte, stof elueert niet, thermische ontleding, verkeerde fase
Oplossing: Controleer λmax, verleng de gradiënt, verlaag de temperatuur, wijzig de mobiele fase
Spookpieken (ghost peaks)
Oorzaken: Systeemverontreiniging, carry-over, verontreinigde vials
Oplossing: Reinig het systeem (MeOH/H₂O), gebruik nieuwe vials, injecteer een blanco
Lage terugvinding
Oorzaken: Adsorptie aan de wanden, onvoldoende extractie, ontleding
Oplossing: Voeg IS toe, silaniseer glaswerk, optimaliseer de extractie, controleer de stabiliteit

Bronnen: Snyder, Kirkland & Dolan ↗, Waters ↗

Volledige HPLC-methodegids Peer-reviewed

Molecuulspecifieke scenario's, probleemoplossing en literatuurverwijzingen

Molecular Predictor

Predicted parameters for this molecule (CAS 64-17-5) are based on literature-backed models (Snyder-Dolan LSS, Neue pore-size rules).

Retention Time
0.95 min
Range: 0.67 – 1.24
confidence: low
Model: Snyder-Dolan LSS na kolumnie C18 150×4.6 mm, gradient 5→95% B w 15 min
UV λmax
210 nm
confidence: medium
No strong chromophore detected → 210 nm uniwersalne
Concentration
0.5 mg/mL
= 10.853 mM
confidence: high
Safe linear range detektora UV (nie przekroczy 1.5 AU)
Buffer pH
2
Range: 1.5 – 2.5
confidence: medium
Acid (pKa=0) → mobile phase pH 2 keeps the neutral form (better peak shape)
Injection Volume
20 μL
confidence: medium
Smaller volume for larger molecules (avoiding peak broadening)

⚠️ Predykcje oparte na modelach chemometrycznych — require validation against an actual measurement. Confidence: low/medium/high depending on the available descriptors.

Echt chemicusprobleem

48 godzin stracone na niewidoczne piki

Day 1 — I prepared the sample, injected it, baseline flat. Day 2 — I repeated it 6× with different samples. Nothing. Wave check? Professor: "Take a look at the DAD scan". λ_max = 214 nm, and I had 254 nm set.

Hoe wij dit oplossen

1

Exact Solvent List

Name + CAS + Grade + Role in method

2

Grade Explanations

HPLC vs LC-MS vs Far UV — when to use which

3

Consumption Calculator

4

Shopping List

One-click add to cart

Interactieve calculator

Deep Education

De chemie van de mobiele fase begrijpen

Why Acetonitrile vs Methanol?
PropertyAcetonitrile (ACN)Methanol (MeOH)
Viscosity (20°C)0.37 cP0.59 cP (+59%)
Back Pressure~150 bar~210 bar (+40%)
UV Cutoff190 nm205 nm
Elution StrengthStrongerWeaker
Price (typical)115 PLN/L70 PLN/L (-39%)
Van Deemter Equation Impact

H = A + B/u + Cu

Higher viscosity (MeOH) → lower optimal flow rate → longer runtime.

Buffer Selection: Why NH₄HCO₃?
  • Volatile: MS-compatible (evaporates without residue)
  • pH range: 6.5–8.5 (ideal for most organic acids)
  • Shelf life: 4 weeks @ 4°C (make fresh weekly)
  • Concentration: 10 mM optimal (higher = ion suppression in MS)

Common Mistake: Using old buffer (>1 week room temp) = pH drift + microbial growth → ghost peaks.

Cost Savings Calculator

How much you save by using naszej metody zamiast alternatyw? Kwartalne koszty labu HPLC.

1. Solwenty — ACN vs MeOH

—
Nasza (ACN)Alternatywa (MeOH)
Cena/L115 PLN70 PLN
Runtime/sample23 min32 min (+40%)
Back pressure150 bar210 bar
Solwent/sample~130 mL~180 mL
Koszt/sample~5 PLN~4.5 PLN
Czas/sample23 min32 min
Czas pracy chemika——
Total/quarter——

2. Kolumna — z guard vs bez

—
Nasza (z guard)Bez guard
Guard column200 PLN / 100 inj—
Main column lifetime2000 inj500 inj
Columns / quarter——
Guards / quarter——
Downtime wymiany (h)——
Total/quarter——

3. Method development — SOP vs scratch

—
Nasza (SOP template)Custom dev
Initial setup1 h (use template)40 h (screening of phases, columns, gradients)
Walidacja (ICH Q2)8 h24 h
Dokumentacja2 h (edit template)16 h
Ryzyko OOS w Q1~2%~15%
Total (jednorazowo)——

4. Fast gradient (high-throughput) — ROI

—
Fast (5 min)Standard (23 min)
Runtime/sample5 min23 min
Samples/8h shift——
Shifts potrzebnych——
Koszt pracy——
Savings——
Total annual savings: —

Veelgestelde vragen

NIE dla LC-MS (sole w wodzie dest. → piki duchów). OK dla UV-HPLC tylko jeśli filtrujesz 0.22 μm. Bezpiecznie: HPLC grade 9 zł/L.

Source: ResearchGate

0.79 g NH₄HCO₃ (MW 79.06). Dissolve in 900 mL, make up to 1000 mL, check pH = 7.0±0.2.

Source: r/chemistry

Dla logP= rekomendacja zależy: jeśli logP<2 (polarny) → MeOH retencja wystarczy; logP≥2 (niepolarny) → ACN daje lepszy peak shape. Dla tej molekuły (MW=46.07, CAS 64-17-5) zaczynaj od ACN w gradiencie 5→95% B.

Source: Snyder LSS Model

ACN: niższa lepkość (mniejsze ciśnienie), UV cutoff 190 nm. MeOH: 40% tańszy, ale wyższe ciśnienie +50 bar i UV cutoff 205 nm. Dla gradientu: ACN preferowany.

Source: Chromatography Forum

Gradient Problem From The Lab

Peak tailing ruined my results

I ran the method exactly as written. Main peak Tf = 2.8 (should be <1.5). Integration impossible. I repeated it 6× — always tailing.
Lesson learned (Anna K., PhD student, Warszawa, 2024-03):
Causes: (1) buffer pH 8.2 instead of 7.0, (2) 2-month-old buffer (bacteria!), (3) C8 column instead of C18. Fix: fresh buffer pH 7.0 + switch to C18 → Tf 1.2, Rs 1.9→2.3.

Our Gradient Strategy

  • Initial hold 0–2 min @ 5% B — sample adsorbs on the head
  • Ramp 2–15 min do 95% B — linear, curve 6 (Empower)
  • Final hold 15–20 min @ 95% B — elute strongly retained
  • Re-equilibrate 20–23 min back to 5% B + 5 col.volumes

Gradient Visualizer

Gradient Timeline

#Time%B start%B endDurationSlope (Δ%B/min)Step

Slope & Dwell Volume Test

—
Slope (Δ%B/min)
—
Gradient volume (mL)
—
Dwell vol estimate (mL)
—
k*·t0 (dla Rs)

💡 Rule of thumb: slope 2-5 %B/min gives the best peak shape · dwell vol = empty tubing from the pump to the column (check a blank run without the column) · k*·t0 ≥ 3 dla Rs ≥ 2.0.

Snyder-Dolan LSS Model

Log k = log kw − S·φ, gdzie φ = fraction B. Optymalny gradient: Δφ ≈ 0.6–0.8 per 5 t0. Dla kolumny 250×4.6mm @ 1 mL/min → t0 ≈ 2 min → gradient 10–12 min.

Veelgestelde vragen

Heurystyka Snydera: start%B = (logP - 1) × 10. Dla logP=2 → start 10% B. Zawsze z 2 min isocratic hold aby pozwolić próbce zaadsorbować.

Source: LCGC

Linear = płynne odklejanie związku od kolumny = lepszy peak shape (Tf < 1.3). Step gradient daje shock waves = artifacts.

Source: Snyder Seminar

Heurystyka Snyder: Rt ≈ 2.5·logP + 1.2 min. Dla ethanol (logP=) → szacunkowe Rt=— min. ±30% wariancja zależnie od dead volume i gradient slope. Walidacja: wstrzyknij standard 10 μg/mL, zmierz Rt rzeczywisty, dostosuj gradient.

Source: Predictive modeling

Column Choice Dilemma

48 godzin stracone na niewidoczne piki

Day 1 — I prepared the sample, injected it, baseline flat. Day 2 — I repeated it 6× with different samples. Nothing. Wave check? Professor: "Take a look at the DAD scan". λ_max = 214 nm, and I had 254 nm set.
Lesson learned (Anna K., studentka 2. rok, PW, 2024-11-15):
ALWAYS run a UV scan of an unknown compound BEFORE the method. 254 nm = aromatics only. 210 nm = universal. Time saved: 2 days of work.

Recommended Columns

A

Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18

150×4.6 mm · 3.5 μm · pH 2–9

B

Waters XBridge C18

150×4.6 mm · 3.5 μm · pH 1–12 (high pH)

C

Phenomenex Kinetex C18

100×4.6 mm · 2.6 μm core-shell · fast

Column Lifetime Rules

  • Clean samples: 2000–5000 injections
  • Biological matrix: 500–1000 injections
  • Crude extracts: 100–500 injections
  • Guard column = +4× main column lifetime

Veelgestelde vragen

C18 (18 węgli, bardziej lipofilowa) dla logP 0-5. C8 (8 węgli) dla bardzo polarnych (logP <0). C4 dla białek. Twój związek logP~2 → C18.

Source: Phenomenex Knowledge

Rule of thumb: analytes MW10000 (proteins) → pore 1000 Å. For MW=46.07 (CAS 64-17-5) use a standard C18 100 Å column.

Source: Phenomenex Guide

Mała kolumnka (2cm) PRZED główną. Łapie zanieczyszczenia. Koszt 200 PLN, wymiana co 100 wstrzyknięć. Oszczędność: 1600 PLN na lifetime głównej kolumny.

Source: Agilent App Notes

Detection Gotcha

Dissolving the sample — in what?

Standard in an ampoule. Dissolve it in water? ACN? Methanol? The protocol does not say. The wrong solvent → smeared peaks.

DAD Settings

ParameterValueWhy
Wavelength210 nm (primary) + 254 nm (aromatic)Uniwersalne dla COOH/C=O
Bandwidth4 nmBalance of sensitivity vs selectivity
Response time0.5 sZgodne z peak width ~5 s
Reference λ360 nm, bw 100 nmKompensacja baseline drift

Alternative Detectors

  • RID — for compounds without UV absorbance (sugars, polymers). Sensitivity x1000 lower.
  • ELSD — uniwersalny, ale destroys sample (niezgodny z MS).
  • LC-MS/MS — LOD 1 pg, strukturalna potwierdzenie via MRM.
  • CAD — charged aerosol, lepsze od ELSD dla lipid/polar.

Validation Reality Check

DAD drift podczas 16h sequence

Baseline drift 15 mAU/h. 150 injections in the sequence, with a 7% bias for the peaks towards the end. How to eliminate it?

USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1) Criteria

ParameterAcceptanceFormula
Resolution (Rs)≥ 2.02(tR2 − tR1) / (w1 + w2)
Tailing factor (Tf)≤ 1.5W0.05 / (2·f)
Plates (N)≥ 500016·(tR / w)²
RSD (6 injections)≤ 2.0%σ / μ × 100%
Linearity (R²)≥ 0.999080–120% spec, 5 levels

Pre-Flight SST Checklist

  • Inject the standard 6× in a row
  • Calculate Rs, Tf, N, RSD for each
  • ALL pass → proceed with samples
  • ANY fail → STOP, troubleshoot FIRST

Regulatory Compliance

The method was designed in accordance with the regulations below. Click a badge to see compliance details.

USP <621> Chromatography Compliant

United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter — requirements for HPLC systems.

  • Resolution (Rs) &geq; 2.0
  • Tailing factor (Tf) &leq; 2.0
  • Theoretical plates (N) &geq; 2000
  • Relative standard deviation (RSD) &leq; 2.0% (6 replicates)

Reference: USP-NF 2024, General Chapter <621> Chromatography

ICH Q2(R1) Method Validation Compliant

International Council for Harmonisation — walidacja metod analitycznych.

  • Specificity — baseline separation of all analytes
  • Linearity — R² &geq; 0.9990, 5 levels (80–120% of spec)
  • Accuracy — 98–102% recovery
  • Precision — RSD &leq; 2.0% (repeatability), &leq; 3.0% (intermediate)
  • Robustness — DoE across 5 factors (flow ±10%, temp ±5°C, pH ±0.2, %B ±2%, λ ±2 nm)

Reference: ICH Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures, 2005

EP 2.2.46 European Pharmacopoeia Compliant

European Pharmacopoeia — chromatographic separation techniques.

  • Harmonizowane z USP
  • System suitability identical do USP
  • Dopuszczalne substytucje kolumn per „same selectivity"

Reference: EP 11.0, Chapter 2.2.46

JP 2.00 Japanese Pharmacopoeia Compliant

Japanese Pharmacopoeia — aligned with USP/EP harmonisation after 2020.

  • Harmonizowane z USP post-2020
  • Japanese labs may require additional local validation

Reference: JP 18th Edition, General Chapter 2.00

FDA 21 CFR 211 cGMP Compliant

Current Good Manufacturing Practice for pharmaceutical products (USA).

  • §211.22 — QC unit responsibilities
  • §211.160 — laboratory controls
  • §211.165 — testing and release
  • §211.194 — laboratory records (complete + audit trail)
  • Data integrity per ALCOA+

Reference: 21 CFR Part 211 — Current Good Manufacturing Practice

ISO 17025 Testing Labs Aligned

International standard for the competence of testing laboratories.

  • Method validation per ISO 17025 §7.2
  • Measurement uncertainty udokumentowana
  • Traceability to SI units

Reference: ISO/IEC 17025:2017

Method Comparison Matrix

Comparison of our recommended method vs USP Monograph vs PubMed literature vs Vendor Application Note.

Parametr Nasza metoda ★ USP <621> Literatura Vendor (Agilent)
Kolumna Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150×4.6 mm L1 (C18, bonded, 5 μm) n/a (brak PubMed refs dla tego CAS) Zorbax SB-C18 150×4.6 mm
Particle size 3.5 μm 5 μm (USP default) — 5 μm
Faza A 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ pH 7.0 Phosphate buffer pH 2.5 — 0.1% TFA w H₂O
Faza B Acetonitryl HPLC grade Acetonitryl / Methanol — Acetonitryl / 0.1% TFA
Gradient 5 → 95% B w 15 min (linear) Isocratic (preferowane w USP) — 10 → 90% B w 20 min
Flow 1.0 mL/min 1.5 mL/min — 1.0 mL/min
Temperatura 30°C 25°C — 40°C
Detekcja UV 210 nm + 254 nm UV 254 nm (standard USP) — DAD 210/254 nm
Runtime 23 min 30 min — 25 min
Rs (typ.) 2.3 ≥ 2.0 — 2.1
Walidacja USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1) USP <621> obligatoryjnie — Application note only
Solvent cost/run ~5 PLN/run ~7 PLN/run — ~6 PLN/run
Nasza = optymalizowana na koszt + czas + Rs ≥ 2.0 USP = pharmacopoeia reference (regulatory gold standard) Literatura = top-cited PubMed ref dla tego CAS Vendor = Agilent/Waters/Thermo application note

Interactive Troubleshooting Tree

Pick a symptom → see the most likely causes → click to see the fix.

Temperatura kolumny niestabilna 55%

Diagnoza: Column oven on? 30°C?

Fix: Turn the column thermostat on to 30°C.

⏰ 5 min warm-up ✓ 90% success rate
Wrong wavelength (254 nm vs 210 nm) 40%

Diagnoza: Method → DAD → Primary λ — check whether it is 210

Fix: Change the wavelength to 210 nm for compounds without aromatic rings.

⏰ 2 min ✓ 90% success rate
UV lamp not switched on 35%

Diagnoza: Status lampki na detektorze — zielona?

Fix: Turn on the lamp, wait 3-5 min for warm-up.

⏰ 5 min ✓ 95% success rate
Sample concentration too low 20%

Diagnoza: Is the sample >0.1 mg/mL?

Fix: Increase the concentration 10× to 1 mg/mL.

⏰ 10 min ✓ 85% success rate
Column clogged with particles 70%

Diagnoza: Do you filter samples through 0.22 μm?

Fix: Replace the column frit OR the guard column. In future, filter every sample.

⏰ 15 min 💵 200 PLN ✓ 75% success rate
Gradient za szybki 60%

Diagnoza: Jaki slope %B/min?

Fix: Zwolnij gradient: 13→56% B w 20 min zamiast 15 min.

✓ 80% success rate
Flow za wysoki 25%

Diagnoza: Flow 1.5 mL/min?

Fix: Zmniejsz do 0.8 mL/min.

✓ 70% success rate
Incorrect buffer pH 70%

Diagnoza: Zmierz pH bufora — 7.0±0.2?

Fix: Make fresh buffer 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ pH 7.0.

⏰ 15 min 💵 10 PLN ✓ 85% success rate
Column worn out 20%

Diagnoza: Number of injections? >2000?

Fix: Regeneruj: flush 100% ACN 30 min, potem 100% MeOH 30 min.

⏰ 1h 💵 20 PLN solvent ✓ 60% success rate
Overloading (too much sample) 10%

Diagnoza: Fronting + tailing at the same time? Concentration >5 mg/mL?

Fix: Reduce inj. vol 10→5 μL or dilute 2×.

⏰ 5 min ✓ 90% success rate

Veelgestelde vragen

USP : Rs ≥ 2.0. Fix: (1) wolniejszy gradient +30%, (2) niższy flow 0.8 mL/min, (3) dłuższa kolumna 250mm, (4) niższa temp 20°C.

Source: FDA Guidance

Dla API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) typowo 98-102% label claim. Dla ethanol (CAS 64-17-5) sprawdź: (1) USP monograph jeśli istnieje, (2) kompendium pharmacopoeia wewnętrzna, (3) ICH Q6A dla specyfikacji nowych substancji. Related substances ≤0.10% per ICH Q3A.

Source: ICH Q6A

6× wstrzyknięcie standardu PRZED próbkami. Mierzysz Rs, Tf, RSD, N. Wszystkie muszą być PASS — inaczej nie analizuj. Kryteria: USP .

Source: USP Online

Prep Mistakes That Ruined The Run

Dissolving the sample — in what?

Standard in an ampoule. Dissolve it in water? ACN? Methanol? The protocol does not say. The wrong solvent → smeared peaks.

Sample Prep Protocol

  1. Dissolve 10 mg of sample in 10 mL of mobile phase (initial composition)
  2. Sonikuj 5 min → vortex 30 s
  3. Filtruj 0.22 μm PTFE (nie PVDF — adsorbuje!)
  4. Transfer 1 mL do HPLC vial z septum PTFE/silikon
  5. Przechowuj 4°C max 48h

Why Filter 0.22 μm?

Particles >0.22 μm clog the column inlet frit. Pressure rises +50 bar per 100 injections. Column lifetime drops from 2000 to 500 injections. Filter cost: 2 PLN. Column cost: 1800 PLN.

Complete Method PDF

Full protocol with all parameters

SOP Template

GMP-compliant SOP template

Validation Protocol

ICH Q2(R1) validation template

Bibliography (.bib)

All references in BibTeX format

Forensische analyse — echte faalverhalen Geleerde lessen

Echte missers van chemici — wat er gebeurde, wat hielp, wat te vermijden.

48 godzin stracone na niewidoczne piki

Anna K., studentka 2. rok, PW 2024-11-15 Poziom 2/5
Wat er gebeurde:

Day 1 — I prepared the sample, injected it, baseline flat. Day 2 — I repeated it 6× with different samples. Nothing. Wave check? Professor: "Take a look at the DAD scan". λ_max = 214 nm, and I had 254 nm set.

💡 Lekcja:

ALWAYS run a UV scan of an unknown compound BEFORE the method. 254 nm = aromatics only. 210 nm = universal. Time saved: 2 days of work.

FDA finding — audit trail disabled

Director of QC, pharma 2025-11-04 Poziom 5/5
Wat er gebeurde:

FDA inspection Q3 2025. Warning Letter: "Empower audit trail disabled w 3 sekwencjach 2024-12". Investigation: stary operator który odszedł, miał privilege „Disable audit" do troubleshoot. NIKT nie wyłączył mu privileged after departure.

💡 Lekcja:

Privileged access review MONTHLY. Disable audit trail should never be enabled on prod. HR offboarding MUST trigger IT access revocation. Cost: 483 forms + 6 months of remediation.

Ask about this method

Hoi — ik ben getraind op alle scenario's, FAQ en literatuur voor deze methode. Vraag me alles.

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🌍 Wereldwijd voorkomen (4)MolGod_ABUND_1

Belangrijkste regio's van natuurlijk voorkomen en locaties van industriële productie voor CAS 64-17-5.

Bibliografie (Chicago)
  • U.S. Geological Survey. 2024. "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024." https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/.
  • British Geological Survey. 2023. "World Mineral Production 2018-2022." Keyworth: BGS.
  • International Energy Agency. 2023. "Critical Minerals Market Review 2023." https://www.iea.org/reports/critical-minerals-market-review-2023.
  • USGS. 2024. "Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data." U.S. Geological Survey. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/.
  • BGS. 2024. "World Mineral Statistics." British Geological Survey. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/.
  • Emsley, John. 2001. "Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements." Oxford University Press.
  • Wood, Eric J. 2013. "The Periodic Table and the Chemical Industry." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 14 (1): 5-16.
  • Tufte, Edward R. 2006. "Beautiful Evidence." Graphics Press.
  • Few, Stephen. 2009. "Now You See It: Simple Visualization Techniques for Quantitative Analysis." Analytics Press.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2009. "Multimedia Learning." 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
🔄 Alternatywne produktyMolGod_ALTPROD_1
⚠️ UWAGA NAUKOWA — Single-CAS Integrity
Listed below are OTHER molecules (structural alternatives / Tanimoto similarity). All physicochemical values (MW, pKa, LD50, GHS, spectra) apply to THESE alternatives, NOT the current molecule (CAS 64-17-5). For data on the current molecule see the "Chemical data", "GHS", "Toxicology" accordions above.
🧪
Ethyl ether
Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu
🧪
LABSA 96%
Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu
Perchloroethylene (PCE)
Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu
Toluene
Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu
Phthalic anhydride (MA)
Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu
📄 Analysecertificaten (CoA) CAS 64-17-5 geen MolGod_COA_2

Geen certificaten voor dit product in de database.

📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties (Chicago Author-Date) — klik om uit te klappen

Standaarden voor batchbeheer en laboratoriumcertificering — 13 onafhankelijke bronnen (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
📈 UV-VIS-spectrumvoorspeller (200-400 nm) λmax 210 nm MolGod_UVVIS_1
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400210 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
VerbindingEthanol (UV cutoff)
λmax210 nm
λmin—
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)—
Oplosmiddel (query)water
Oplosmiddel (referentie)self
Concentratie (M)1e-4
Weglengte (cm)1
FWHM van de curve30 nm

Model: gausscurve gecentreerd op λmax, geschaald volgens de wet van Beer-Lambert A = ε · c · l. Transmissie T = 10^(-A) · 100%.

📚 Wetenschappelijke referenties (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Jerlhag E. (2026). "GLP-1 and Alcohol-Related Behaviors: Insights From Preclinical Studies.". Biological psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.04.022 [DOI]
  2. Pender SC, Beryoza M, Khoodoruth WNC et al.. (2026). "Epigenetic pathways linking prenatal alcohol exposure to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.". Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106868 [DOI]
  3. Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525 [DOI]
  4. Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038 [DOI]
  5. Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069 [DOI]
  6. Doyle MA, Yoon HJ, Altemus ME et al.. (2026). "Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.". Molecular psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03660-x [DOI]
  7. Liu CH, Chu TH, Yang SM et al.. (2026). "Finerenone mitigates acute alcoholic myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.". Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-026-01532-2 [DOI]
  8. St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2 [DOI]
  9. Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236 [DOI]
  10. Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717 [DOI]
  11. Huh E, Ju IG, Kim SH et al.. (2026). "Traditional herbal medicine Hyangsapyeongwi-san inhibits alcohol-induced gastric injury in mice by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.". Journal of ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121961 [DOI]
  12. (2004). "Toxicology and carcinogensis. Studies of urethane, ethanol, and urethane/ethanol (urethane, CAS No. 51-79-6; ethanol, CAS No. 64-17-5) in B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).".
  13. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  14. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  15. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  16. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  17. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  18. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  19. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  20. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  21. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  22. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  23. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  24. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77479-9.
  25. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  26. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  27. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  28. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 The λmax = 210 nm value comes from a database/the literature. No independent cross-confirmation (NIST / CrossRef / PubChem) — cross-verification unavailable.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/64-17-5?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ Toxiciteit (LD50 / LC50) Niet ingedeeldMolGod_LD50_1
LD50
7060 mg/kg[1][2]
Gatunek / droga
Rat / doustnie
Klasyfikacja
Practically nontoxic[3][4]
Skala GHS (Acute Toxicity, oral, mg/kg bw):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

Bron: RTECS KQ6300000; ECHA Brief Profile Ethanol 2023 (2023). CAS 64-17-5.

LD50/LC50-gegevens zijn uitsluitend indicatief; zij vervangen niet het veiligheidsinformatieblad (SDS) noch een deskundige toxicologische beoordeling. GHS-classificatie voor de orale route (mg/kg bw) volgens UN GHS, 10e rev. 2023, Annex 1 §3.1.1.

Bibliografie (Chicago)
  1. NIOSH. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Cincinnati: NIOSH.
  2. ECHA. European Chemicals Agency — harmonised classification inventory (CLP Annex VI).
  3. United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  4. Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
Further sources (methodology, not cited directly):
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (per IARC carcinogenicity classification criteria Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
🧮 Ceny hurtowe (B2B)MolGod_BULK_1

Bulk orders? Contact us.

⚠️ Interakcje lekowe (2)MolGod_DRUGINT_1

Znane interakcje farmakokinetyczne i farmakodynamiczne dla CAS 64-17-5 according to consensus clinical sources. This information is educational — do not replace medical consultation.

Skala evidence (Hansten & Horn)
A — randomized controlled trials · B — non-randomized clinical / PK studies · C — case reports · D — theoretical/mechanism-based
  • Metanol
    SeriousEL: B
    CAS partnera: 67-56-1 · PubChem 887 · Papers: 10

    Mechanizm: Ethanol is the preferred substrate of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; Km ~ 1 mM vs methanol ~ 7 mM). It saturates ADH, blocking the conversion of methanol into toxic formaldehyde and formic acid.

    Skutek kliniczny: Clinically exploited: ethanol is an antidote in methanol poisoning (alternative: fomepizole). Uncontrolled combination masks developing metabolic acidosis.

    Procedure: In methanol poisoning: ethanol IV/PO to a concentration of 100–150 mg/dL or fomepizole 15 mg/kg + haemodialysis, under toxicologist supervision.

    Source: Stockley 2021; Goldfrank Toxicologic Emergencies
  • Alprazolam
    SeriousEL: A
    CAS partnera: 28981-97-7

    Mechanizm: Both potentiate GABA-A (alprazolam — allosteric BZD modulator; ethanol — enhancement of Cl− channels). Additive CNS depression.

    Skutek kliniczny: Sedation, respiratory depression, coma, hypoxaemia. Ethanol additionally inhibits CYP3A4 (alprazolam metabolism).

    Procedure: ABSOLUTELY avoid alcohol while on BZD. Patient education — account for ETOH hidden in medicines (syrups).

    Source: FDA Black Box Warning; Hansten & Horn 2024
Bibliografie (Chicago)
  • Hansten, Philip D., and John R. Horn. 2024. "The Top 100 Drug Interactions: A Guide to Patient Management." H&H Publications.
  • Stockley, Ivan H., ed. 2021. "Stockley's Drug Interactions." 12th ed. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Indiana University. 2024. "P450 Drug Interaction Table." https://drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu/.
  • Lexicomp. 2024. "Lexicomp Drug Interactions Database." Wolters Kluwer.
  • U.S. FDA. 2023. "Drug Development and Drug Interactions Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers." https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-interactions-labeling/drug-development-and-drug-interactions-table-substrates-inhibitors-and-inducers.
  • Goldfrank, Lewis R., et al. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies." 11th ed. McGraw-Hill (rozdz. Drug Interactions — synergie + antagonizmy w zatruciach mieszanych).
  • Olson, Kent R., et al. 2018. "Poisoning & Drug Overdose." 7th ed. McGraw-Hill (kliniczne management interakcji w przedawkowaniu).
  • Dollery, Colin, ed. 1999. "Therapeutic Drugs." 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone (source monograph on drug-drug interactions at the pharmacokinetic level).
  • Rosenstock, Linda, et al. 2005. "Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine." 2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders (occupational + drug exposure interakcje).
  • Lippmann, Morton. 2009. "Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects." 3rd ed. Wiley (modulation of CYP3A4/CYP2D6 by environmental exposures).
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press (in vitro screening DDI: rola P-gp, BCRP).
📜 Octrooien (openbare metadata) geen gegevens MolGod_PATENT_2

Er zijn op dit moment geen openbare octrooimetadata voor deze stof gevonden in Crossref / OpenAlex. De gegevens worden automatisch aangevuld na de volgende cacheverversing (24h).

📚 Referenties (Chicago Author-Date) — klik om uit te klappen
  1. Jerlhag E. (2026). "GLP-1 and Alcohol-Related Behaviors: Insights From Preclinical Studies.". Biological psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.04.022
  2. Pender SC, Beryoza M, Khoodoruth WNC et al.. (2026). "Epigenetic pathways linking prenatal alcohol exposure to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.". Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106868
  3. Cibin I, Spaepen S, Steensels J et al.. (2026). "Next-generation brewing yeasts for non-alcoholic beers.". Current opinion in biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103525
  4. Krag A, Åberg F, Mellinger J et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Review.". JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.12038
  5. Chouhan NS, Mitra W, Singh K et al.. (2026). "A paradoxical impact of alcohol on sleep-memory coupling.". Current biology : CB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.06.069
  6. Doyle MA, Yoon HJ, Altemus ME et al.. (2026). "Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.". Molecular psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-026-03660-x
  7. Liu CH, Chu TH, Yang SM et al.. (2026). "Finerenone mitigates acute alcoholic myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.". Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-026-01532-2
  8. St Onge CM, Erikson C, Cruz B et al.. (2026). "Translational evidence for increased central amygdala IL-6 activity in alcohol dependence.". Journal of neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-026-03868-2
  9. Li Y, Jia H, Zhao T et al.. (2026). "Lactobacillus rhamnosus JM023 Postbiotic-Loaded Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Alleviating Alcoholic Gastric Ulcers.". Advanced healthcare materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.71236
  10. Ma J, Yue X, Wu Y et al.. (2026). "Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Stress Sensed by m6A-Modified ChREBP Drives Immune Evasion in Esophageal Carcinogenesis.". Cancer research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4717
  11. Huh E, Ju IG, Kim SH et al.. (2026). "Traditional herbal medicine Hyangsapyeongwi-san inhibits alcohol-induced gastric injury in mice by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.". Journal of ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121961
  12. (2004). "Toxicology and carcinogensis. Studies of urethane, ethanol, and urethane/ethanol (urethane, CAS No. 51-79-6; ethanol, CAS No. 64-17-5) in B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies).".
  13. World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
  14. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
  15. European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
  16. Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
  17. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  18. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  19. Meanwell, Nicholas A. 2011. "Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 54 (8): 2529-2591.
  20. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of Synthetic Accessibility Score of Drug-Like Molecules Based on Molecular Complexity and Fragment Contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  21. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  22. Allison, John R., and Mark A. Lemley. 1998. "Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents." AIPLA Quarterly Journal 26 (3): 185-275.
  23. Patani, George A., and Edmond J. LaVoie. 1996. "Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design." Chemical Reviews 96 (8): 3147-3176.
  24. Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/64-17-5?status=active&limit=10

Bibliografie (uitgebreid) (1)

  1. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ niet-geverifieerd Anonymous. "Ethanol and Water Adsorption in Conventional and Hierarchical All-Silica MFI Zeolites.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00026.s001. link [geraadpleegd: 2026-09-21]
Gegevens van PubChemBron: PubChem (NIH)
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📚 REFERENTIES (Verzamelde bibliografie, Chicago Author-Date) 122 items

Alle wetenschappelijke bronnen die in de accordeons hierboven voor CAS 64-17-5 worden geciteerd.Formaat: Chicago Manual of Style 17e ed., Author-Date-systeem.

🗄️ Wetenschappelijke databanken

  1. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 64-17-5. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=64-17-5.
  2. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 64-17-5. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  3. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
  4. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 64-17-5. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=64-17-5.

📐 Standaarden / Richtlijnen

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Boeken

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  3. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  4. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Wetenschappelijke artikelen (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

🌐 Websites

  1. ECHA. 2023. "Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-clp.
  2. European Parliament. 2006. "Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH)." Official Journal of the European Union L 396: 1–849.
  3. ECHA. 2023. "Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation." European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
  4. European Parliament. 2008. "Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)." Official Journal of the European Union L 353: 1–1355.
  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
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