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Eapearl Chemical

N-Methylformamide

NMF

CAS 123-39-7 EC 204-624-6 C₂H₅NO Precursor
MolGod_SDSCARD_1
REACH 2020/878
v1 · 21.09.2026

Specification

Product NameN-Methylformamide
Other NamesNMF
CAS No.123-39-7
EINECS No.204-624-6
MFC₂H₅NO
Molecular weight59.07
Purity99.5%
AppearanceColorless, transparent and viscous liquid
Density1.005-1.011 g/cm³
Melting point-4 ~ -3.8 °C
Boiling point180–185 °C
Solubility111 °C

Values are typical for the standard grade. Tighter specifications are available — state the target in your inquiry and we confirm against the production batch.

Packaging and shipping

Drum180 kg
IBC Drum1127 kg
ISO tank (20ft)24–26 m³
ISO tank (40ft)48–50 m³
N-Methylformamide
N-Methylformamide
N-Methylformamide

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a colorless and transparent viscous liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Its chemical formula is C₂H₅NO and its molecular weight is 59.07. As a methylated derivative of amide, NMF, due to its extremely high dielectric constant, high boiling point, excellent solubility and relatively low toxicity, has become a key functional solvent and intermediate connecting traditional chemical industry and high-end manufacturing. It plays an indispensable role in fields such as pesticides, medicine, new energy batteries, electronic chemicals and special high-molecular materials.

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.

Product Description

Anhui Eapearl Chemical Co., Ltd., as a professional chemical supplier in China, strictly adheres to all national laws and regulations regarding the management of hazardous chemicals. We are committed to providing our customers with high-quality, stable and reliable N-methylformamide (NMF) products, emphasizing its core value as a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent and key organic synthesis intermediate. At the same time, safety, compliance and greenness are placed at the top of our operational priorities. 

Product Introduction 

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a colorless and transparent viscous liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Its chemical formula is C₂H₅NO and its molecular weight is 59.07. As a methylated derivative of amide, NMF, with its extremely high dielectric constant, high boiling point, excellent solubility and relatively low toxicity, has become a key functional solvent and intermediate connecting traditional chemical industry and high-end manufacturing. It plays an indispensable role in fields such as pesticides, medicine, new energy batteries, electronic chemicals and special high-molecular materials.

The core value of NMF lies in its high boiling point, strong polarity and good thermal stability, which gives it unique advantages in processes requiring high temperature, high polarity and inert reaction environments.

Pesticide synthesis (traditional core application):

Key intermediates: They are important intermediates for synthesizing highly effective and low-toxicity insecticides and acaricides such as monomethylphosoline and dimethylphosoline.

Pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis (high growth, high value-added field):

Efficient solvents and reaction media: Due to its excellent polar non-polar characteristics, it is widely used in peptide synthesis, heterocyclic construction, chiral resolution and the synthesis of key raw materials for drugs such as nucleosides, cephalosporins, and anti-tumor drugs (such as osimetin), as well as reaction media in the formulation of electrolytes. Its relatively lower toxicity (compared to DMF) gives it an advantage in high-end drug synthesis.

New energy battery materials (emerging high-growth field):

Key components of lithium battery electrolytes: Due to its extremely high dielectric constant (~180) and wide electrochemical window, it is used as a key solvent or co-solvent in the synthesis of new lithium salts (such as LiFSI, LiTFSI), the preparation of solid electrolyte precursors, and the formulation of electrolytes, effectively improving ionic conductivity, improving low-temperature performance and cycle stability. In new energy storage systems such as zinc-ion batteries, NMF is also studied for use in constructing high-safety, dendrite-free electrolyte systems.

Electronic chemicals and precision manufacturing (highest technical barriers field):

Semiconductor and display materials: Electronic-grade high-purity NMF is used in the preparation of stripping solutions for photomasks in semiconductor manufacturing, wafer cleaning (metal ion chelation), and the preparation of OLED liquid crystal orientation agents, with extremely high requirements for purity (metal ions ≤ 1 ppm), moisture (≤ 50 ppm), and batch stability.

Special polymers and fibers:

High-performance solvents: Excellent solubility for special high-molecular materials such as polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, and aramid, applicable to wet spinning, film formation and other processes.

Other fields: Used as a selective extraction solvent in petrochemicals, a solvent for synthetic leather and artificial leather, and a reaction medium for the synthesis of dyes and fragrances.

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.

Delivery&Payment method

N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a high-boiling-point, highly polar non-protic solvent, which is used in the production of electrolytes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials.

Frequently asked

In what packaging is N-Methylformamide shipped?

Standard formats are Drum (180 kg), IBC Drum (1127 kg), ISO tank (20ft) (24–26 m³), ISO tank (40ft) (48–50 m³). Other packaging can be arranged for full-container orders.

Is a safety data sheet available for N-Methylformamide?

Yes, on request. Safety data sheets are issued per grade and destination market; state the country of import in your inquiry.

What purity do you supply?

The standard grade is 99.5%. Tighter specifications are confirmed against the production batch before shipment.

Technical reading on N-Methylformamide

Related products

🧬 Wizualizator molekuły 3D
Ładowanie molekuły...
Model 3D N-Methylformamide, CAS 123-39-7, wzór sumaryczny C2H5NO, masa molowa 59.07 g/mol

Dane transkrybowane z rejestrów regulacyjnych i literatury fachowej, z podaniem źródła i wydania. Nie zastępują karty charakterystyki dostawcy. Pola bez zapisanego źródła oznaczone jako takie.

📊 Dane fizykochemiczne — CAS 123-39-7MolGod_PROPHUB_MAIN
📊 Właściwości fizykochemiczne

Szybki przegląd

Wzór: C2H5NO
MW: 59.07 g/mol
CAS: 123-39-7
🔬 Właściwości zaawansowane

Identyfikatory chemiczne

SMILES: CNC=O

Ostatnia aktualizacja: niepotwierdzona

Przegląd chemiczny: N-MethylformamideMolGod_OVERVIEW_1
Wzór sumarycznyC2H5NO[1]
Masa cząsteczkowa59.07 g/mol[1]
Temperatura topnienia-3.8 °C[1]
Temperatura wrzenia182.5 °C[1][2]
Density1 g/cm³[1]
LogP (lipofilowość)-1[1]
Nazwa IUPACN-methylformamide[1]
SMILESCNC=O[1]
InChIKeyATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]

Synonimy: N-METHYLFORMAMIDE · 123-39-7 · Methylformamide · Formamide, N-methyl- · Monomethylformamide

Data sources: PubChem (NLM/NIH)
Last updated: 2026-09-21

📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date) (2 źródeł)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. dotyczy: Wzór sumaryczny · Masa cząsteczkowa · Temperatura topnienia · Temperatura wrzenia · Density · LogP (lipofilowość) · Nazwa IUPAC · SMILES · InChIKey
  2. NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. dotyczy: Temperatura wrzenia

BADANIA NAUKOWE

[1]Doaj2026
Jerusha Singh Mahima, Mishra Pravi, Pandey Parmanand et al.. (2026). "Computational investigation of the gas-phase formation and spectroscopic analysis of cis-N-Methylformamide". EPJ Web of Conference
[2]Doaj2026
Jinjuan Ni, Huilai Liu, Dali Bao et al.. (2026). "Process optimization for suppressing N-methylformamide hydrolysis and methylamine generation in stripper solution". Desalination and Water Treatment.
[3]Doaj2026
Anil Kumar Nain, Abhimanyu Nain. (2026). "Viscosities and thermodynamics of viscous flow of N-methylformamide/N-methylacetamide + polyethylene glycol 200/300/400 binary systems: Experimental and theor
[4]Europe PMC2025
et al.. (2025). "Carbonyl stretching band in amides as Lorentz oscillator. Insights into anharmonicity and local environment in the liquid phase from NIR and MIR spectra of N-methylformamide and di-N,
[5]PubMed2024
Růžička K, Štejfa V, Červinka C et al.. (2024). "Thermodynamic Study of N-Methylformamide and N,N-Dimethyl-Formamide.". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051110
[6]Doaj2024
Chinmay Parida, Pragin Chettiyankandy, Apramita Chand et al.. (2024). "Effects of urea on the aqueous solvation structure and dynamics of cis/trans-N-methylformamide: An insight from molecular dynamic
[7]Europe PMC2022
et al.. (2022). "Vulnerable Factors Affecting Urinary N-Methylformamide Concentration among Migrant Workers in Manufacturing Industries in Comparison with Native Workers in the Republic of Korea (2012
[8]Europe PMC2019
et al.. (2019). "A dual-emitting Tb(iii)&Yb(iii)-functionalized coordination polymer: a "turn-on" sensor for N-methylformamide in urine and a "turn-off" sensor for methylglyoxal in serum.". https://do
📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date) 19 refs · 4 baz

MOLECULE Bibliografia per-CAS (live z 13+ baz)

Źródła: db:doaj (5) · db:Europe PMC (12) · db:pubmed (1) · db:arxiv (1)

  1. db:doaj Jerusha Singh Mahima, Mishra Pravi, Pandey Parmanand et al.. (2026). "Computational investigation of the gas-phase formation and spectroscopic analysis of cis-N-Methylformamide". EPJ Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202638204002
  2. db:doaj Jinjuan Ni, Huilai Liu, Dali Bao et al.. (2026). "Process optimization for suppressing N-methylformamide hydrolysis and methylamine generation in stripper solution". Desalination and Water Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101799
  3. db:doaj Anil Kumar Nain, Abhimanyu Nain. (2026). "Viscosities and thermodynamics of viscous flow of N-methylformamide/N-methylacetamide + polyethylene glycol 200/300/400 binary systems: Experimental and theoretical exploration". Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctta.2025.100245
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Carbonyl stretching band in amides as Lorentz oscillator. Insights into anharmonicity and local environment in the liquid phase from NIR and MIR spectra of N-methylformamide and di-N,N-methylformamide.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.124954
  5. db:pubmed Růžička K, Štejfa V, Červinka C et al.. (2024). "Thermodynamic Study of N-Methylformamide and N,N-Dimethyl-Formamide.". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051110
  6. db:doaj Chinmay Parida, Pragin Chettiyankandy, Apramita Chand et al.. (2024). "Effects of urea on the aqueous solvation structure and dynamics of cis/trans-N-methylformamide: An insight from molecular dynamics simulation study". Chemical Physics Impact. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100448
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2022). "Vulnerable Factors Affecting Urinary N-Methylformamide Concentration among Migrant Workers in Manufacturing Industries in Comparison with Native Workers in the Republic of Korea (2012-2019).". https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013450
  8. db:arxiv Ioannis Skarmoutsos, Ricardo L. Mancera, Stefano Mossa et al.. (2022). "Local intermolecular structure, hydrogen bonding and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture: A density functional theory based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study". arXiv (2209.01801v1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120085
  9. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2019). "A dual-emitting Tb(iii)&Yb(iii)-functionalized coordination polymer: a "turn-on" sensor for N-methylformamide in urine and a "turn-off" sensor for methylglyoxal in serum.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02643f
  10. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2018). "Interfacial Structure and Interaction of Kaolinite Intercalated with N-methylformamide Insight from Molecular Dynamics Modeling.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.03.032
  11. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2014). "Photo-stability of peptide-bond aggregates: N-methylformamide dimers.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02518k
  12. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2014). "Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on the interactions of N-Methylformamide with superoxide dismutase.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.013
  13. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2011). "CH stretching vibration of N-methylformamide as a sensitive probe of its complexation: infrared matrix isolation and computational study.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20743a
  14. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2010). "How water links to cis and trans peptidic groups: the rotational spectrum of N-methylformamide-water.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c003649h
  15. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2009). "Use of N-methylformamide as a solvent in indium-promoted Barbier reactions en route to enediyne and epoxy diyne formation: comparison of rate and stereoselectivity in C-C bond-forming reactions with water.". https://doi.org/10.1021/jo900763u
  16. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2006). "Separation of chelating agents as copper complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis using quaternary ammonium bromides as additives in N-methylformamide.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.038
  17. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2006). "Identification of potential genomic biomarkers of hepatotoxicity caused by reactive metabolites of N-methylformamide: Application of stable isotope labeled compounds in toxicogenomic studies.". https://doi.org/10.1021/tx060093j
  18. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2005). "Simultaneous determination of N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide, N-methylformamide and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cystein in urine samples from workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.001
  19. db:doaj Rodolfo Negri, Giovanna Costanzo, Raffaele Saladino et al.. (1996). "One-Step, One-Lane Chemical DNA Sequencing by N-Methylformamide in the Presence of Metal Ions". BioTechniques. https://doi.org/10.2144/96215rr04
Status regulacyjny substancji
Ta substancja podlega wymogom regulacyjnym: gospodarka odpadami niebezpiecznymi (BDO). Szczegoly w sekcji "Status regulacyjny (REACH/ECHA/CLP)" oraz na karcie SDS. Informacja regulacyjna — nie ogranicza zakupu w sklepie.
🧮 Kalkulator stechiometrycznyMolGod_STOICH_1
🧪 Dane chemiczneMolGod_CHEMDATA_1
Numer CAS
123-39-7
Wzór sumaryczny
C2H5NO
Masa molowa
59.07 g/mol
Nazwa IUPAC (EN)
N-methylformamide
SMILES
CNC=O
InChIKey
ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
📚 Literatura naukowa (20 artykuł)MolGod_LITSCI_1
Růžička K, Štejfa V, Červinka C et al. · (2024) · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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📡 Data sourcesMolGod_SOURCES_1

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

  • PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
  • ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
  • NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

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⚗️ Physicochemical propertiesMolGod_PHYSTAB_2
Temp. wrzenia
182.6
Density
1.004

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: date not confirmed

🔍 Identyfikatory zewnętrzneMolGod_EXTID_1
14 z 16 systemów ID88%
BazaIdentyfikatorAkcje
CAS Registry Number123-39-7Otwórz →
PubChem CID31254[1]Otwórz →
InChIKeyATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N[1]Otwórz →
InChIInChI=1S/C2H5NO/c1-3-2-4/h2H,1H3,(H,3,4)[1]
SMILESCNC=O[1]
EC Number204-624-6[2]Otwórz →
ChEMBLCHEMBL9240[3]Otwórz →
KEGG CompoundC11489Otwórz →
HMDBHMDB0001122Otwórz →
ChemSpider28994[4]Otwórz →
MeSH UID (NLM)C002950Otwórz →
UNII (FDA)XPE4G7Y986Otwórz →
NSC Number (NCI)3051Otwórz →
WikiData QIDQ138742Otwórz →

Źródła: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date) (4 źródeł)
  1. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. dotyczy: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
  2. ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. dotyczy: EC Number
  3. ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. dotyczy: ChEMBL
  4. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. dotyczy: ChemSpider

Dalsza literatura

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value given on this card.

Bibliografia (rozszerzona) (6)

  1. ★★★★★ OPENLIBRARY 🔓 OPEN Colin Andrew Bill. 1987. "Studies of the mechanism of antitumour activity of N-methylformamide." Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. link [dostep: 2026-09-21] CC0 (metadata)
  2. ★★★★★ OPENLIBRARY 🔓 OPEN Paul Gerard Pearson. 1985. "The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N-Methylformamide." University of Aston. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. link [dostep: 2026-09-21] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Lide, David R.. 2024. "N-Methylformamide." Handbook of Organic Solvents: 326-326. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575191-326. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. 2020. "N-Methylformamide." Definitions. https://doi.org/10.32388/sp1mft. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Damaskin, B. B., Safonov, V. A., Emets, V. V.. 2013. "Regression analysis of dependences of adsorption potential shifts on the charge in systems (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KI + (1 − m)c KClO4], (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KBr + (1 − m)c KClO4] and (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KCl + (1 − m)c KClO4]." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 49 (4): 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193513040058. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Skarmoutsos, Ioannis, Samios, Jannis. 2004. "Molecular dynamics of cis/transN-methylformamide liquid mixture using a new optimized all atom rigid force field." Chemical Physics Letters 384 (1-3): 108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.096. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
📡 Spektroskopia — CAS 123-39-7MolGod_SPECHUB_MAIN
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❓ Najczęstsze pytania (3)MolGod_FAQ_1
What is 123-39-7?
123-39-7 (CAS 123-39-7) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Pomocne?
What is the CAS number of 123-39-7?
The CAS number for 123-39-7 is 123-39-7. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.
Pomocne?
How should 123-39-7 be stored?
123-39-7 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.
Pomocne?
➕ Zaproponuj pytanie
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Zrodlo: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 31254

🔄 Konwerter jednostek stężeń LIVE MolGod_UNITCONV_1

Wpisz stężenie N-Methylformamide w dowolnej jednostce — reszta obliczy się automatycznie.

MW: 59.07 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Wzory konwersji + cytacje (per formuła)
KonwersjaWzórDokładnośćŹródło
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliografia (8 źródeł autorytatywnych)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM ·
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 ·
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 ·
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
Podobne struktury molekularneMolGod_SIMSTR_1

Ladowanie podobnych struktur...

Wyjasnienia naukoweMolGod_EDU3D_1

Automatycznie wygenerowane wyjasnienia na podstawie wlasciwosci molekularnych i oznaczen GHS. Zrodlo: dane PubChem + klasyfikacja CLP/GHS.

Czasteczka umiarkowanie polarna

LogP = -1.00 wskazuje na rownowage miedzy hydrofilowoscia a lipofilowoscia. Czasteczka moze rozpuszczac sie zarowno w wodzie, jak i w niektorych rozpuszczalnikach organicznych.

Interpretacja na podstawie XLogP3 (PubChem)
Mala czasteczka

Masa molowa 59.07 g/mol klasyfikuje ten zwiazek jako mala czasteczke. Male czasteczki czesto sa lotne, latwiej penetruja bariery biologiczne i moga wykazywac wyzsze cisnienie pary.

Klasyfikacja wg masy molowej
Substancja szkodliwa dla rozrodczosci

Czasteczka moze zaburzac procesy rozrodcze: plodnosc, rozwoj plodu lub potomstwa. Mechanizmy: interferencja hormonalna, uszkodzenie DNA gamet, teratogennosc.

Klasyfikacja GHS/CLP, kod H360
🧪 Kreator przygotowania roztworu WIZARD MolGod_PREP_1
① Wybierz stężenie
② Objętość docelowa
③ Rozpuszczalnik

Obliczenia wg: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Chemia obliczeniowaMolGod_COMPCHEM_1

Ladowanie danych obliczeniowych...

🛡️ Bezpieczeństwo — CAS 123-39-7MolGod_SAFEHUB_MAIN
Informacja o ograniczeniach danych. Informacje dotyczące bezpieczeństwa zawarte na tej stronie mają charakter informacyjny i nie zastępują pełnej karty charakterystyki (SDS). Przed użyciem produktu zapoznaj się z aktualną kartą charakterystyki producenta oraz wytycznymi GHS/CLP. Klasyfikacja CLP dotyczy czystej substancji bulk, nie preparatów handlowych.

Klasyfikacja GHS/CLP — Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠️ Niebezpieczeństwo (Danger)
GHS07 — Drażniące / szkodliwe
GHS07 Drażniące / szkodliwe
GHS08 — Zagrożenie dla zdrowia
GHS08 Zagrożenie dla zdrowia

🚨 Zwroty wskazujące rodzaj zagrożenia (H)

  • H360D — Może działać szkodliwie na dziecko w łonie matki
  • H312 — Działa szkodliwie w kontakcie ze skórą

🛡 Zwroty określające środki ostrożności (P)

  • P203 — Przed użyciem uzyskać, przeczytać i postępować zgodnie ze wszystkimi instrukcjami dotyczącymi bezpieczeństwa

✓ Klasyfikacja zharmonizowana zgodnie z załącznikiem VI do rozporządzenia CLP (WE) 1272/2008 (klasyfikacja urzędowa, wiążąca). Numer indeksowy: 616-056-00-X.

Referencja (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "N-methylformamide, Index No. 616-056-00-X." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Tłumaczenia: Rozporządzenie CLP (WE) 1272/2008, Załącznik III i IV. Dane: PubChem/NLM.

📚 Skonsolidowane referencje naukowe — Chicago Author-Date 10 źródeł

Referencje zebrane ze wszystkich zakładek Safety Hub. CAS: 123-39-7 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Regulacje
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

Zakładki z własnymi referencjami (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) zawierają dodatkowe pozycje bibliograficzne wewnątrz swoich sekcji.

📈 Statystyka analityczna (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Wklej serię powtórzeń pomiarów (CSV lub po jednej liczbie w linii). Kalkulator policzy średnią, odchylenie, 95% CI, wykryje outliery (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Separator: przecinek, spacja, tab, nowa linia. Min 3 pomiary.
📐 Formuły statystyczne
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — średnia arytmetyczna
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — wariancja próby
  • s = √s² — odchylenie standardowe
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — względne odchylenie
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — test Grubbsa
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Źródło: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Kalkulator receptur buforów UNIKALNE

Wybierz bufor z listy 20 popularnych systemów → wprowadź docelowe pH → otrzymasz dokładny przepis z masami do odważenia.

Krok 1: Wybierz system buforowy

📜 Historia przepisów (ostatnie 10)
Status farmakologiczny

Prekliniczny

Faza I
Faza II
Faza III
Dopuszczony

Przedkliniczny — brak danych z badań na ludziach.

ChEMBL CHEMBL9240 ↗

Bibliografia (rozszerzona) (6)

  1. ★★★★★ OPENLIBRARY 🔓 OPEN Colin Andrew Bill. 1987. "Studies of the mechanism of antitumour activity of N-methylformamide." Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. link [dostep: 2026-09-21] CC0 (metadata)
  2. ★★★★★ OPENLIBRARY 🔓 OPEN Paul Gerard Pearson. 1985. "The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N-Methylformamide." University of Aston. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. link [dostep: 2026-09-21] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Lide, David R.. 2024. "N-Methylformamide." Handbook of Organic Solvents: 326-326. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575191-326. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. 2020. "N-Methylformamide." Definitions. https://doi.org/10.32388/sp1mft. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Damaskin, B. B., Safonov, V. A., Emets, V. V.. 2013. "Regression analysis of dependences of adsorption potential shifts on the charge in systems (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KI + (1 − m)c KClO4], (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KBr + (1 − m)c KClO4] and (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KCl + (1 − m)c KClO4]." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 49 (4): 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193513040058. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Skarmoutsos, Ioannis, Samios, Jannis. 2004. "Molecular dynamics of cis/transN-methylformamide liquid mixture using a new optimized all atom rigid force field." Chemical Physics Letters 384 (1-3): 108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.096. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
📅 Project Planner — Lab experiment manager NOWOŚĆ

Zaplanuj cały projekt laboratoryjny: dodaj eksperymenty z reagentami, powtórzeniami i czasem trwania. Otrzymasz wykres Gantta, listę zakupów (linki do sklepu!), budżet z 10% marginesem i macierz ryzyka GHS.

🧪 Rozpuszczalność i kompatybilność z solwentami MolGod_SOLUB_1
Molekuła
N-Methylformamide
Wzór
C2H5NO
logP (XLogP3)
-1.00
Masa (g/mol)
59.07
Polarność
Hydrofilowa (polarna)

⚠️ Estymacja GC (Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen). Brak danych literaturowych HSP dla tego CAS — precyzja ±2 MPa½. Weryfikuj eksperymentalnie.

Ra < R₀ = good miscibility · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = borderline · above = poor (R₀ — radius of the Hansen sphere of this molecule) For this molecule R₀ = 8..

Solwent Kompat. Ra Wizual GC-MS HPLC Zastosowania Referencje
Water (H₂O)miscible
✗ NieA (aqueous) (RP)
buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)
Ethanol (EtOH)brak podstawy✗ NieA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier
Methanol (MeOH)brak podstawy✗ NieA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm
Acetonebrak podstawy✗ NieB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis
Acetonitrile (ACN)brak podstawy✗ NieB (RP) (RP)
HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis
DMSObrak podstawy✗ NieN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis
THFbrak podstawy✗ NieB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)brak podstawy✓ TakB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)brak podstawy✓ TakN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC
Hexanebrak podstawy✓ TakA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluenebrak podstawy✓ TakB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)
📚 Naukowe referencje dla solwentów (Chicago Author-Date) — kliknij aby rozwinąć

11 solvents · 54 full citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — below.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Teoria rozpuszczalności (zastosowane w przewidywaniu kompatybilności):
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP triplet (dD, dP, dH) + wzór Ra.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Kompletny tabularny zestaw 250+ rozpuszczalników (ε, μ, donicity, acceptor numbers).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 123-39-7 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Kompletna bibliografia w akordeonie REFERENCJE (na dole strony) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

⚗️ Sprawdź kompatybilność reakcji MolGod_RXNCOMP_1
2 0 0
Zdrowie: 2/4
Palność: 0/4
Reaktywność: 0/4
Wg NFPA 704 / obliczone z H-codes

Sprawdź czy N-Methylformamide jest kompatybilny z innym odczynnikiem

📦 Matryca kompatybilności przechowywania
Kwasy Zasady Utleniacze Łatwopalne Toksyczne Gazy
Kwasy
Zasady
Utleniacze
Łatwopalne
Toksyczne
Gazy
✓ Można razem · ⚠ Ostrożnie · ✗ NIE przechowywać razem · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Dane kompatybilności z: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Kalkulatory laboratoryjne (8) MolGod_LABCALC_1
Rozcieńczenie (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarność (M=n/V)
pH Bufor (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Masa → Mole
Stężenie % → M
ppm → mg/L
Temperatura C↔F↔K

Formuły zweryfikowane: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Bazy widm spektroskopowych MolGod_SPECDB_3
📋 Generator protokołu laboratoryjnego MolGod_PROTOCOL_1

Protokół wygenerowany na podstawie: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Generator etykiety (QR) MolGod_LABEL_1
N-Methylformamide• Methylformamide / Formamide, N-methyl-• IUPAC: N-methylformamide• CAS: 123-39-7• EC: 204-624-6• Wzór: C2H5NO• Masa: 59.07 g/molNIEBEZPIECZEŃSTWOZwroty wskazujące rodzaj zagrożenia (H):H360D: Może działać szkodliwie na dziecko w łonie matkiH312: Działa szkodliwie w kontakcie ze skórąP203: Przed użyciem uzyskać, przeczytać i postępować zgodnie ze wszystkimiinstrukcjami dotyczącymi bezpieczeństwaAnhui Eapearl Chemical Co., Ltd.12th Floor, Tongguan Number Valley, Tongling, Anhui, China+86 186 5620 1888[email protected]epchems.com
Deskryptory Lipinskiego (struktura)

Wykres radarowy drug-likeness (Lipinski Ro5 / Veber). Strefa zielona = zgodność z kryteriami.

Dane predykcyjne — właściwości obliczone in silico (SMILES/RDKit). Nie zastępują badań klinicznych. Nie używaj do oceny leków bez weryfikacji eksperymentalnej.

MW59.1LogP-1HBD1HBA1RotB0TPSA29.1 Ų
✓ Lipinski Ro5✓ Veber✓ Egan✗ Ghose (MW=59, LogP=-1)✗ REOS (MW=59)✓ Lead-like Ro3
WłaściwośćWartośćOcena
Wchłanianie (GI)wysokie
Przepuszczalność BBBtak (przenika)
Biodostępność (Daina 2017)
55%
Profil CYP450CYP1A2 non-inhibitorCYP2C9 non-inhibitorCYP2C19 non-inhibitorCYP2D6 non-inhibitorCYP3A4 non-inhibitor
Alerty PAINS1
Alerty Brenka0
pKa (pH 7.4)9 (predicted)
hERG (kardiotoks.)✓ nie
P-gp substrat
Ames mutagenność✓ nie
DILI (wątrobok.)
LogS (rozp. wod.)
Źródła (metodologia ADMET)
  1. Lipinski, Christopher A., Franco Lombardo, Beryl W. Dominy, and Paul J. Feeney. 1997. "Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 23 (1-3): 3-25.
  2. Veber, Daniel F., Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, et al. 2002. "Molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (12): 2615-2623.
  3. Daina, Antoine, Olivier Michielin, and Vincent Zoete. 2017. "SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness." Scientific Reports 7: 42717.
  4. Egan, William J., and Gregory Lauri. 2002. "Prediction of intestinal permeability." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 273-289.
  5. Baell, Jonathan B., and Georgina A. Holloway. 2010. "New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53 (7): 2719-2740.
  6. Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, et al. 2008. "Lessons learnt from assembling screening libraries for drug discovery for neglected diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
  7. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of synthetic accessibility score of drug-like molecules based on molecular complexity and fragment contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  8. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  9. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  10. Ghose, Arup K., Vellarkad N. Viswanadhan, and John J. Wendoloski. 1999. "A Knowledge-Based Approach in Designing Combinatorial or Medicinal Chemistry Libraries for Drug Discovery." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 1 (1): 55-68.
  11. Tice, Raymond R., Christopher P. Austin, Robert J. Kavlock, and John R. Bucher. 2013. "Improving the Human Hazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update." Environmental Health Perspectives 121 (7): 756-765.
  12. Leeson, Paul D., and Brian Springthorpe. 2007. "The Influence of Drug-Like Concepts on Decision-Making in Medicinal Chemistry." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6 (11): 881-890.
  13. Hann, Michael M. 2011. "Molecular Obesity, Potency and Other Addictions in Drug Discovery." MedChemComm 2 (5): 349-355.
  14. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  15. Walters, W. Patrick, and Mark A. Murcko. 2002. "Prediction of 'Drug-Likeness.'". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00003-0.
  16. Congreve, Miles, Robin Carr, Christopher Murray, and Harren Jhoti. 2003. "A 'Rule of Three' for Fragment-Based Lead Discovery?" Drug Discovery Today 8 (19): 876–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02831-9.
  17. Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, Agata Krasowski, Iain Hugh Gilbert, Julie Frearson, and Paul Graham Wyatt. 2008. "Lessons Learnt from Assembling Screening Libraries for Drug Discovery for Neglected Diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
  18. Schomburg, Karen T., Sascha Bietz, Hans Briem, Andrea M. Henzler, Stefan Urbaczek, and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "Facing the Challenges of Structure-Based Target Prediction by Inverse Virtual Screening." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 54 (6): 1676-1686.
  19. Bemis, Guy W., and Mark A. Murcko. 1996. "The Properties of Known Drugs. 1. Molecular Frameworks." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 39 (15): 2887-2893.
  20. Schomburg, Karen T., and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "What Is the Potential of Structure-Based Target Prediction Methods?" Future Medicinal Chemistry 6 (17): 1987-1989.
  21. LoPachin, Richard M., and Terrence Gavin. 2014. "Molecular Mechanisms of Aldehyde Toxicity: A Chemical Perspective." Chemical Research in Toxicology 27 (7): 1081-1091.
  22. Jerusha Singh Mahima, Mishra Pravi, Pandey Parmanand et al.. (2026). "Computational investigation of the gas-phase formation and spectroscopic analysis of cis-N-Methylformamide". EPJ Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202638204002
  23. Jinjuan Ni, Huilai Liu, Dali Bao et al.. (2026). "Process optimization for suppressing N-methylformamide hydrolysis and methylamine generation in stripper solution". Desalination and Water Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.101799
  24. Anil Kumar Nain, Abhimanyu Nain. (2026). "Viscosities and thermodynamics of viscous flow of N-methylformamide/N-methylacetamide + polyethylene glycol 200/300/400 binary systems: Experimental and theoretical exploration". Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctta.2025.100245
  25. et al.. (2025). "Carbonyl stretching band in amides as Lorentz oscillator. Insights into anharmonicity and local environment in the liquid phase from NIR and MIR spectra of N-methylformamide and di-N,N-methylformamide.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.124954
  26. Růžička K, Štejfa V, Červinka C et al.. (2024). "Thermodynamic Study of N-Methylformamide and N,N-Dimethyl-Formamide.". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051110
  27. Chinmay Parida, Pragin Chettiyankandy, Apramita Chand et al.. (2024). "Effects of urea on the aqueous solvation structure and dynamics of cis/trans-N-methylformamide: An insight from molecular dynamics simulation study". Chemical Physics Impact. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100448
  28. et al.. (2022). "Vulnerable Factors Affecting Urinary N-Methylformamide Concentration among Migrant Workers in Manufacturing Industries in Comparison with Native Workers in the Republic of Korea (2012-2019).". https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013450
  29. Ioannis Skarmoutsos, Ricardo L. Mancera, Stefano Mossa et al.. (2022). "Local intermolecular structure, hydrogen bonding and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture: A density functional theory based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study". arXiv (2209.01801v1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120085
  30. et al.. (2019). "A dual-emitting Tb(iii)&Yb(iii)-functionalized coordination polymer: a "turn-on" sensor for N-methylformamide in urine and a "turn-off" sensor for methylglyoxal in serum.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02643f
  31. et al.. (2018). "Interfacial Structure and Interaction of Kaolinite Intercalated with N-methylformamide Insight from Molecular Dynamics Modeling.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.03.032
  32. et al.. (2014). "Photo-stability of peptide-bond aggregates: N-methylformamide dimers.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02518k
  33. et al.. (2014). "Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on the interactions of N-Methylformamide with superoxide dismutase.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.013
  34. et al.. (2011). "CH stretching vibration of N-methylformamide as a sensitive probe of its complexation: infrared matrix isolation and computational study.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20743a
  35. et al.. (2010). "How water links to cis and trans peptidic groups: the rotational spectrum of N-methylformamide-water.". https://doi.org/10.1039/c003649h
  36. et al.. (2009). "Use of N-methylformamide as a solvent in indium-promoted Barbier reactions en route to enediyne and epoxy diyne formation: comparison of rate and stereoselectivity in C-C bond-forming reactions with water.". https://doi.org/10.1021/jo900763u
  37. et al.. (2006). "Separation of chelating agents as copper complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis using quaternary ammonium bromides as additives in N-methylformamide.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.038
  38. et al.. (2006). "Identification of potential genomic biomarkers of hepatotoxicity caused by reactive metabolites of N-methylformamide: Application of stable isotope labeled compounds in toxicogenomic studies.". https://doi.org/10.1021/tx060093j
  39. et al.. (2005). "Simultaneous determination of N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide, N-methylformamide and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cystein in urine samples from workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.001
  40. Rodolfo Negri, Giovanna Costanzo, Raffaele Saladino et al.. (1996). "One-Step, One-Lane Chemical DNA Sequencing by N-Methylformamide in the Presence of Metal Ions". BioTechniques. https://doi.org/10.2144/96215rr04
  41. Colin Andrew Bill. 1987. "Studies of the mechanism of antitumour activity of N-methylformamide." Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  42. Paul Gerard Pearson. 1985. "The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N-Methylformamide." University of Aston. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  43. Anonymous. 2020. "N-Methylformamide." Definitions. https://doi.org/10.32388/sp1mft. [DOI ↗]
  44. Bolton, Evan E., Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, and Stephen H. Bryant. 2008. "PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities." Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. [DOI ↗]
  45. Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380. [DOI ↗]
  46. Kim, Sunghwan, Tiejun Cheng, Jianyong He, Chen Cheng, et al. 2021. "PubChem Protein, Pathway, Reaction, and Disease Specifications." Journal of Cheminformatics 13: 16. [DOI ↗]
  47. Hähnke, Volker D., Sunghwan Kim, and Evan E. Bolton. 2018. "PubChem chemical structure standardization." Journal of Cheminformatics 10: 36. [DOI ↗]
  48. Wang, Yanli, Stephen H. Bryant, Tiejun Cheng, Jiyao Wang, et al. 2017. "PubChem BioAssay: 2017 update." Nucleic Acids Research 45 (D1): D955-D963. [DOI ↗]
  49. Cheng, Tiejun, et al. 2014. "Computation of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients by Guiding an Additive Model with Knowledge." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 54 (3): 793-805. [DOI ↗]
  50. Wilkinson, Mark D., et al. 2016. "The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship." Scientific Data 3: 160018. [DOI ↗]
  51. Hersey, Anne, et al. 2015. "Chemical databases: curation or integration by user-defined equivalence?" Drug Discovery Today: Technologies 14: 17-24.
  52. G. W. Milner. 1983. "Development of methods for the determination of n-methylformamide and its degradation product methylamine in sterile aqueous solutions of n-methylformamide." The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton, Department of Physical Sciences.
  53. Veber, Daniel F., Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, Brian R. Smith, Keith W. Ward, and Kenneth D. Kopple. 2002. "Molecular Properties That Influence the Oral Bioavailability of Drug Candidates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (12): 2615-2623.
  54. ECHA. 2024. "REACH Guidance." European Chemicals Agency.
  55. Groom, Colin R., Ian J. Bruno, Matthew P. Lightfoot, and Suzanna C. Ward. 2016. "The Cambridge Structural Database." Acta Crystallographica Section B 72 (2): 171-179.
🧪 Asystent przygotowania roztworu (Smart Prep) MolGod_PREP_2

Wpisz co chcesz przygotować — wygeneruję SOP

Przykłady poniżej — kliknij żeby wstawić:
Gotowe przepisy:
📚 Przegląd literatury naukowej — CAS 123-39-7MolGod_LITHUB_MAIN
⭐ Najważniejsze odkrycia (literatura naukowa) 19 publikacji
🏆 CAS 123-39-7 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% cytowania · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    et al. (2018) · Applied Clay Science
    Dlaczego ważne: Open access
    SCORE 8.79 Przemysł Citations: 6 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  2. #2
    Růžička K, Štejfa V, Červinka C et al. (2024) · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
    Dlaczego ważne: Aktualna (2024) · open access
    SCORE 8.58 Mechanizm Citations: 5 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  3. #3
    et al. (2025) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
    Dlaczego ważne: Aktualna (2025) · open access
    SCORE 8.35 Mechanizm Citations: 4 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  4. #4
    Chinmay Parida, Pragin Chettiyankandy, Apramita Chand et al. (2024) · Chemical Physics Impact
    Dlaczego ważne: Aktualna (2024) · open access
    SCORE 7.95 Mechanizm Citations: 1 Open Access DOI ↗
  5. #5
    Jinjuan Ni, Huilai Liu, Dali Bao et al. (2026) · Desalination and Water Treatment
    Dlaczego ważne: Aktualna (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.85 Mechanizm Open Access DOI ↗
  6. #6
    et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Dlaczego ważne: Open access
    SCORE 7.55 Przemysł Citations: 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    Ioannis Skarmoutsos, Ricardo L. Mancera, Stefano Mossa et al. (2022) · arXiv (2209.01801v1)
    Dlaczego ważne: Open access
    SCORE 6.65 Mechanizm Open Access DOI ↗
  8. #8
    Rodolfo Negri, Giovanna Costanzo, Raffaele Saladino et al. (1996) · BioTechniques
    Dlaczego ważne: Open access
    SCORE 6.54 Mechanizm Citations: 26 Open Access DOI ↗
  9. #9
    et al. (2014) · Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 6.41 Analityka Citations: 15 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  10. #10
    Jerusha Singh Mahima, Mishra Pravi, Pandey Parmanand et al. (2026) · EPJ Web of Conferences
    Dlaczego ważne: Aktualna (2026) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Analityka Open Access DOI ↗
  11. #11
    Anil Kumar Nain, Abhimanyu Nain (2026) · Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis
    Dlaczego ważne: Aktualna (2026) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Mechanizm Open Access DOI ↗
  12. #12
    et al. (2019) · Dalton Transactions
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 5.56 Mechanizm Citations: 8 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  13. #13
    et al. (2010) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 5.32 Mechanizm Citations: 31 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  14. #14
    et al. (2009) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry
    Dlaczego ważne: Open access
    SCORE 4.96 Mechanizm Citations: 7 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    et al. (2005) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 4.94 Analityka Citations: 6 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  16. #16
    et al. (2011) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.81 Analityka Citations: 7 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  17. #17
    et al. (2014) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.43 Analityka Citations: 2 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  18. #18
    et al. (2006) · Chemical Research in Toxicology
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 3.12 Farmakologia Citations: 10 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  19. #19
    et al. (2006) · Analytica Chimica Acta
    Dlaczego ważne: Wybrane przez multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).
    SCORE 1.43 Mechanizm Citations: 2 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
🔬 HPLC — metody i parametry — CAS 123-39-7MolGod_HPLCHUB_MAIN
📈 Gradient HPLC — optymalizator (LSS) SZABLON

Gradient oparty na PubChem XLogP3 + LSS (Snyder et al. 2010, ch. 9).

  • Kolumna: C18
  • Bufor: phosphate
  • Przepływ: 1 mL/min
  • logP: -1 (PubChem XLogP3)
  • Rampa: 5% → 95% B, 10 min
  • Całkowity czas analizy: 23 min
t (min) %A %B flow (mL/min) Komentarz
0 95 5 1 start (równowaga)
2 95 5 1 koniec hold init
12 5 95 1 koniec rampy LSS
17 5 95 1 mycie kolumny
18 95 5 1 powrót do init
23 95 5 1 reekwilibracja
📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Snyder, Lloyd R., John W. Dolan, and Joseph J. Kirkland. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. Wiley. — Chapter 9 — gradient elution, LSS theory (cited as Snyder et al. 2010 in tool description).
  2. Schoenmakers, Peter J. 1986. Optimization of Chromatographic Selectivity: A Guide to Method Development. Elsevier. — Numerical optimization of gradient programs.
  3. Snyder, L. R., and J. W. Dolan. 2007. High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model. Wiley. — Foundational LSS reference for the %B_init = 5 + 8·logP heuristic implemented here.
  4. Nikitas, Pavlos, and Adrian Pappa-Louisi. 2009. "Retention models for isocratic and gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1737-1755. [DOI ↗] — Modern review of gradient retention models — basis for non-LSS extensions.
  5. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. [DOI ↗]
  6. Dong, Michael W. 2019. HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793. — Modern UHPLC gradient programming, sub-2 µm scaling rules.
  7. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182. [DOI ↗]
  8. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531. [DOI ↗] — Reference for orthogonal gradient design (2D-LC second dimension).
  9. Dolan, John W.. 2013. "When to Modify Method Conditions." LCGC North America 31: 192-199.
  10. Meyer, Veronika R. 2010. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Wiley. — Chapter 7 — practical gradient design with isokratyczny scouting.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/gradient/123-39-7

📐 Wymiary kolumny — kalkulator van Deemter N=12,466

Wzór: H = A + B/u + C·u (Van Deemter et al. 1956), N = L/H, ΔP ≈ η·L·u / (K_p·dp²) (Knox 1977). u_opt = √(B/C) (Giddings 1965).

Wymiary150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm
Płyty teoretyczne (N)12,466
N przy u_opt12,500
HETP (obecna)12.032 µm
HETP min12 µm
Prędkość liniowa (u)0.1003 cm/s
u_opt (van Deemter)0.12 cm/s
Ciśnienie wsteczne (ΔP)42.1 bar
Czas analizy (mart-vol)2.49 min
📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Van Deemter, J. J., F. J. Zuiderweg, and A. Klinkenberg. 1956. "Longitudinal diffusion and resistance to mass transfer as causes of nonideality in chromatography." Chemical Engineering Science 5: 271-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(56)80003-1 — Original van Deemter equation paper — basis of H = A + B/u + C·u in this calculator.
  2. Giddings, J. Calvin. 1965. "Dynamics of Chromatography, Part I: Principles and Theory.". Marcel Dekker. — Theoretical underpinning of HETP minimum and u_opt = sqrt(B/C).
  3. Poppe, Hans. 1997. "Some reflections on speed and efficiency of modern chromatographic methods." Journal of Chromatography A 778: 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00376-2 — Speed-efficiency Pareto plot — context for sub-2 µm UHPLC scaling.
  4. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700026 — UHPLC pressure scaling — extends Darcy ΔP formula to sub-2 µm particles.
  5. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 — Modern reinterpretation of A, B, C terms (eddy diffusion vs. b-term).
  6. Knox, John H.. 1977. "Practical aspects of LC theory." Journal of Chromatographic Science 15: 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.9.352 — Reduced plate height equation h = a·v^(1/3) + b/v + c·v.
  7. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists.". Wiley (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 — Practical N targets vs particle size table (UHPLC method scaling).
  8. Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. "Practical HPLC Method Development.". Wiley (2nd ed.). — Column dimensioning rules of thumb (L, dp, dc) for given α and N.
  9. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. "100 Years of Chromatography.". Wiley-VCH (2nd ed.).
  10. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.". Wiley (5th ed.).

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/column/123-39-7

🧪 Faza ruchoma — macierz kompatybilności MISCIBLE
Składnik Nazwa UV cutoff (nm) P' Detektory
Rozp. Acetonitrile (MeCN) 190 5.8 UV, MS, ELSD, RID, FLD
Rozp. Water 190 10.2 UV, MS, ELSD, RID, FLD
Bufor Phosphate (KH2PO4 / K2HPO4) 195 pH 2.0-3.0 / 6.5-8.0 / 11.0-12.5 MS ✗

Detektor: UV — kompatybilny z oboma rozpuszczalnikami.

📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Sadek, Paul C.. 2002. "The HPLC Solvent Guide.". Wiley-Interscience (2nd ed.).
  2. Snyder, L. R.. 1978. "Classification of the solvent properties of common liquids." Journal of Chromatographic Science 16: 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/16.6.223
  3. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2010. "Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry.". Wiley-VCH (4th ed.).
  4. Vailaya, Anant, and Csaba Horváth. 1998. "Retention thermodynamics in hydrophobic interaction chromatography." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37: 4040-4055. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie980212h
  5. Krstulović, Andrea M., and Phyllis R. Brown. 1981. "Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.". Wiley.
  6. Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. "Practical HPLC Method Development.". Wiley (2nd ed.).
  7. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094
  8. Boysen, Reinhard I., and Milton T. W. Hearn. 2009. "Multi-modal HPLC of proteins." Journal of Chromatographic Science 47: 645-654. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/47.8.645
  9. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists.". Wiley (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793
  10. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.". Wiley (5th ed.).

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/mobile-phase?solvent_a=...&solvent_b=...

Kompletny przewodnik po metodzie HPLC Recenzowane

Scenariusze specyficzne dla cząsteczki, rozwiązywanie problemów i odniesienia literaturowe

Molecular Predictor

Predicted parameters for this molecule (CAS 123-39-7) are based on literature-backed models (Snyder-Dolan LSS, Neue pore-size rules).

Retention Time
-1.3 min
Range: 0.5 – -1.69
confidence: medium
Model: Snyder-Dolan LSS na kolumnie C18 150×4.6 mm, gradient 5→95% B w 15 min
UV λmax
220 nm
confidence: low
Amide group → 220 nm
Concentration
0.5 mg/mL
= 8.465 mM
confidence: high
Safe linear range detektora UV (nie przekroczy 1.5 AU)
Buffer pH
2
Range: 1.5 – 2.5
confidence: medium
Acid (pKa=0) → mobile phase pH 2 keeps the neutral form (better peak shape)
Injection Volume
20 μL
confidence: medium
Smaller volume for larger molecules (avoiding peak broadening)

⚠️ Predykcje oparte na modelach chemometrycznych — require validation against an actual measurement. Confidence: low/medium/high depending on the available descriptors.

Prawdziwy problem chemika

First column connection — no leak

A C18 100×4.6 mm column straight out of the box. How to connect it without dismantling it and spilling ACN over the autosampler?

Jak to rozwiązujemy

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Exact Solvent List

Name + CAS + Grade + Role in method

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Grade Explanations

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Kalkulator interaktywny

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Why Acetonitrile vs Methanol?
PropertyAcetonitrile (ACN)Methanol (MeOH)
Viscosity (20°C)0.37 cP0.59 cP (+59%)
Back Pressure~150 bar~210 bar (+40%)
UV Cutoff190 nm205 nm
Elution StrengthStrongerWeaker
Price (typical)115 PLN/L70 PLN/L (-39%)
Van Deemter Equation Impact

H = A + B/u + Cu

Higher viscosity (MeOH) → lower optimal flow rate → longer runtime.

Buffer Selection: Why NH₄HCO₃?
  • Volatile: MS-compatible (evaporates without residue)
  • pH range: 6.5–8.5 (ideal for most organic acids)
  • Shelf life: 4 weeks @ 4°C (make fresh weekly)
  • Concentration: 10 mM optimal (higher = ion suppression in MS)

Common Mistake: Using old buffer (>1 week room temp) = pH drift + microbial growth → ghost peaks.

Cost Savings Calculator

How much you save by using naszej metody zamiast alternatyw? Kwartalne koszty labu HPLC.

1. Solwenty — ACN vs MeOH

Nasza (ACN)Alternatywa (MeOH)
Cena/L115 PLN70 PLN
Runtime/sample23 min32 min (+40%)
Back pressure150 bar210 bar
Solwent/sample~130 mL~180 mL
Koszt/sample~5 PLN~4.5 PLN
Czas/sample23 min32 min
Czas pracy chemika
Total/quarter

2. Kolumna — z guard vs bez

Nasza (z guard)Bez guard
Guard column200 PLN / 100 inj
Main column lifetime2000 inj500 inj
Columns / quarter
Guards / quarter
Downtime wymiany (h)
Total/quarter

3. Method development — SOP vs scratch

Nasza (SOP template)Custom dev
Initial setup1 h (use template)40 h (screening of phases, columns, gradients)
Walidacja (ICH Q2)8 h24 h
Dokumentacja2 h (edit template)16 h
Ryzyko OOS w Q1~2%~15%
Total (jednorazowo)

4. Fast gradient (high-throughput) — ROI

Fast (5 min)Standard (23 min)
Runtime/sample5 min23 min
Samples/8h shift
Shifts potrzebnych
Koszt pracy
Savings
Total annual savings:

Najczęściej zadawane pytania

NIE dla LC-MS (sole w wodzie dest. → piki duchów). OK dla UV-HPLC tylko jeśli filtrujesz 0.22 μm. Bezpiecznie: HPLC grade 9 zł/L.

Source: ResearchGate

Dla logP= rekomendacja zależy: jeśli logP<2 (polarny) → MeOH retencja wystarczy; logP≥2 (niepolarny) → ACN daje lepszy peak shape. Dla tej molekuły (MW=59.07, CAS 123-39-7) zaczynaj od ACN w gradiencie 5→95% B.

Source: Snyder LSS Model

ACN: niższa lepkość (mniejsze ciśnienie), UV cutoff 190 nm. MeOH: 40% tańszy, ale wyższe ciśnienie +50 bar i UV cutoff 205 nm. Dla gradientu: ACN preferowany.

Source: Chromatography Forum

0.79 g NH₄HCO₃ (MW 79.06). Dissolve in 900 mL, make up to 1000 mL, check pH = 7.0±0.2.

Source: r/chemistry

Gradient Problem From The Lab

SPE dla matrix effect w plasma

Drug quantification in human plasma. Matrix suppresses 40%. Which SPE type (MCX / HLB / C18)?

Our Gradient Strategy

  • Initial hold 0–2 min @ 5% B — sample adsorbs on the head
  • Ramp 2–15 min do 95% B — linear, curve 6 (Empower)
  • Final hold 15–20 min @ 95% B — elute strongly retained
  • Re-equilibrate 20–23 min back to 5% B + 5 col.volumes

Gradient Visualizer

Gradient Timeline

#Time%B start%B endDurationSlope (Δ%B/min)Step

Slope & Dwell Volume Test

Slope (Δ%B/min)
Gradient volume (mL)
Dwell vol estimate (mL)
k*·t0 (dla Rs)

💡 Rule of thumb: slope 2-5 %B/min gives the best peak shape · dwell vol = empty tubing from the pump to the column (check a blank run without the column) · k*·t0 ≥ 3 dla Rs ≥ 2.0.

Snyder-Dolan LSS Model

Log k = log kw − S·φ, gdzie φ = fraction B. Optymalny gradient: Δφ ≈ 0.6–0.8 per 5 t0. Dla kolumny 250×4.6mm @ 1 mL/min → t0 ≈ 2 min → gradient 10–12 min.

Najczęściej zadawane pytania

Linear = płynne odklejanie związku od kolumny = lepszy peak shape (Tf < 1.3). Step gradient daje shock waves = artifacts.

Source: Snyder Seminar

Heurystyka Snyder: Rt ≈ 2.5·logP + 1.2 min. Dla N-methylformamide (logP=) → szacunkowe Rt=— min. ±30% wariancja zależnie od dead volume i gradient slope. Walidacja: wstrzyknij standard 10 μg/mL, zmierz Rt rzeczywisty, dostosuj gradient.

Source: Predictive modeling

Heurystyka Snydera: start%B = (logP - 1) × 10. Dla logP=2 → start 10% B. Zawsze z 2 min isocratic hold aby pozwolić próbce zaadsorbować.

Source: LCGC

Column Choice Dilemma

Your First HPLC Analysis Ever

Jesteś na 2. roku chemii. Professor powiedział: "Przeanalizuj tę próbkę kwasu benzoesowego". Nigdy nie używałaś HPLC. W labie stoi Agilent 1260, ale nikt nie wie jak go włączyć.

Recommended Columns

A

Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18

150×4.6 mm · 3.5 μm · pH 2–9

B

Waters XBridge C18

150×4.6 mm · 3.5 μm · pH 1–12 (high pH)

C

Phenomenex Kinetex C18

100×4.6 mm · 2.6 μm core-shell · fast

Column Lifetime Rules

  • Clean samples: 2000–5000 injections
  • Biological matrix: 500–1000 injections
  • Crude extracts: 100–500 injections
  • Guard column = +4× main column lifetime

Najczęściej zadawane pytania

C18 (18 węgli, bardziej lipofilowa) dla logP 0-5. C8 (8 węgli) dla bardzo polarnych (logP <0). C4 dla białek. Twój związek logP~2 → C18.

Source: Phenomenex Knowledge

Mała kolumnka (2cm) PRZED główną. Łapie zanieczyszczenia. Koszt 200 PLN, wymiana co 100 wstrzyknięć. Oszczędność: 1600 PLN na lifetime głównej kolumny.

Source: Agilent App Notes

Rule of thumb: analytes MW10000 (proteins) → pore 1000 Å. For MW=59.07 (CAS 123-39-7) use a standard C18 100 Å column.

Source: Phenomenex Guide

Detection Gotcha

48 godzin stracone na niewidoczne piki

Day 1 — I prepared the sample, injected it, baseline flat. Day 2 — I repeated it 6× with different samples. Nothing. Wave check? Professor: "Take a look at the DAD scan". λ_max = 214 nm, and I had 254 nm set.
Lesson learned (Anna K., studentka 2. rok, PW, 2024-11-15):
ALWAYS run a UV scan of an unknown compound BEFORE the method. 254 nm = aromatics only. 210 nm = universal. Time saved: 2 days of work.

DAD Settings

ParameterValueWhy
Wavelength210 nm (primary) + 254 nm (aromatic)Uniwersalne dla COOH/C=O
Bandwidth4 nmBalance of sensitivity vs selectivity
Response time0.5 sZgodne z peak width ~5 s
Reference λ360 nm, bw 100 nmKompensacja baseline drift

Alternative Detectors

  • RID — for compounds without UV absorbance (sugars, polymers). Sensitivity x1000 lower.
  • ELSD — uniwersalny, ale destroys sample (niezgodny z MS).
  • LC-MS/MS — LOD 1 pg, strukturalna potwierdzenie via MRM.
  • CAD — charged aerosol, lepsze od ELSD dla lipid/polar.

Validation Reality Check

Auto-dilution dla high-range samples

80% of samples in spec, 20% out-of-range (>120%). Manual re-dilution = 2h per day. How to automate it with the autosampler?

USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1) Criteria

ParameterAcceptanceFormula
Resolution (Rs)≥ 2.02(tR2 − tR1) / (w1 + w2)
Tailing factor (Tf)≤ 1.5W0.05 / (2·f)
Plates (N)≥ 500016·(tR / w)²
RSD (6 injections)≤ 2.0%σ / μ × 100%
Linearity (R²)≥ 0.999080–120% spec, 5 levels

Pre-Flight SST Checklist

  • Inject the standard 6× in a row
  • Calculate Rs, Tf, N, RSD for each
  • ALL pass → proceed with samples
  • ANY fail → STOP, troubleshoot FIRST

Regulatory Compliance

The method was designed in accordance with the regulations below. Click a badge to see compliance details.

USP <621> Chromatography Compliant

United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter — requirements for HPLC systems.

  • Resolution (Rs) &geq; 2.0
  • Tailing factor (Tf) &leq; 2.0
  • Theoretical plates (N) &geq; 2000
  • Relative standard deviation (RSD) &leq; 2.0% (6 replicates)

Reference: USP-NF 2024, General Chapter <621> Chromatography

ICH Q2(R1) Method Validation Compliant

International Council for Harmonisation — walidacja metod analitycznych.

  • Specificity — baseline separation of all analytes
  • Linearity — R² &geq; 0.9990, 5 levels (80–120% of spec)
  • Accuracy — 98–102% recovery
  • Precision — RSD &leq; 2.0% (repeatability), &leq; 3.0% (intermediate)
  • Robustness — DoE across 5 factors (flow ±10%, temp ±5°C, pH ±0.2, %B ±2%, λ ±2 nm)

Reference: ICH Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures, 2005

EP 2.2.46 European Pharmacopoeia Compliant

European Pharmacopoeia — chromatographic separation techniques.

  • Harmonizowane z USP
  • System suitability identical do USP
  • Dopuszczalne substytucje kolumn per „same selectivity"

Reference: EP 11.0, Chapter 2.2.46

JP 2.00 Japanese Pharmacopoeia Compliant

Japanese Pharmacopoeia — aligned with USP/EP harmonisation after 2020.

  • Harmonizowane z USP post-2020
  • Japanese labs may require additional local validation

Reference: JP 18th Edition, General Chapter 2.00

FDA 21 CFR 211 cGMP Compliant

Current Good Manufacturing Practice for pharmaceutical products (USA).

  • §211.22 — QC unit responsibilities
  • §211.160 — laboratory controls
  • §211.165 — testing and release
  • §211.194 — laboratory records (complete + audit trail)
  • Data integrity per ALCOA+

Reference: 21 CFR Part 211 — Current Good Manufacturing Practice

ISO 17025 Testing Labs Aligned

International standard for the competence of testing laboratories.

  • Method validation per ISO 17025 §7.2
  • Measurement uncertainty udokumentowana
  • Traceability to SI units

Reference: ISO/IEC 17025:2017

Method Comparison Matrix

Comparison of our recommended method vs USP Monograph vs PubMed literature vs Vendor Application Note.

Parametr Nasza metoda ★ USP <621> Literatura Vendor (Agilent)
Kolumna Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150×4.6 mm L1 (C18, bonded, 5 μm) n/a (brak PubMed refs dla tego CAS) Zorbax SB-C18 150×4.6 mm
Particle size 3.5 μm 5 μm (USP default) 5 μm
Faza A 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ pH 7.0 Phosphate buffer pH 2.5 0.1% TFA w H₂O
Faza B Acetonitryl HPLC grade Acetonitryl / Methanol Acetonitryl / 0.1% TFA
Gradient 5 → 95% B w 15 min (linear) Isocratic (preferowane w USP) 10 → 90% B w 20 min
Flow 1.0 mL/min 1.5 mL/min 1.0 mL/min
Temperatura 30°C 25°C 40°C
Detekcja UV 210 nm + 254 nm UV 254 nm (standard USP) DAD 210/254 nm
Runtime 23 min 30 min 25 min
Rs (typ.) 2.3 ≥ 2.0 2.1
Walidacja USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1) USP <621> obligatoryjnie Application note only
Solvent cost/run ~5 PLN/run ~7 PLN/run ~6 PLN/run
Nasza = optymalizowana na koszt + czas + Rs ≥ 2.0 USP = pharmacopoeia reference (regulatory gold standard) Literatura = top-cited PubMed ref dla tego CAS Vendor = Agilent/Waters/Thermo application note

Interactive Troubleshooting Tree

Pick a symptom → see the most likely causes → click to see the fix.

Temperatura kolumny niestabilna 55%

Diagnoza: Column oven on? 30°C?

Fix: Turn the column thermostat on to 30°C.

⏰ 5 min warm-up ✓ 90% success rate
Wrong wavelength (254 nm vs 210 nm) 40%

Diagnoza: Method → DAD → Primary λ — check whether it is 210

Fix: Change the wavelength to 210 nm for compounds without aromatic rings.

⏰ 2 min ✓ 90% success rate
UV lamp not switched on 35%

Diagnoza: Status lampki na detektorze — zielona?

Fix: Turn on the lamp, wait 3-5 min for warm-up.

⏰ 5 min ✓ 95% success rate
Sample concentration too low 20%

Diagnoza: Is the sample >0.1 mg/mL?

Fix: Increase the concentration 10× to 1 mg/mL.

⏰ 10 min ✓ 85% success rate
Column clogged with particles 70%

Diagnoza: Do you filter samples through 0.22 μm?

Fix: Replace the column frit OR the guard column. In future, filter every sample.

⏰ 15 min 💵 200 PLN ✓ 75% success rate
Gradient za szybki 60%

Diagnoza: Jaki slope %B/min?

Fix: Zwolnij gradient: 13→56% B w 20 min zamiast 15 min.

✓ 80% success rate
Flow za wysoki 25%

Diagnoza: Flow 1.5 mL/min?

Fix: Zmniejsz do 0.8 mL/min.

✓ 70% success rate
Incorrect buffer pH 70%

Diagnoza: Zmierz pH bufora — 7.0±0.2?

Fix: Make fresh buffer 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ pH 7.0.

⏰ 15 min 💵 10 PLN ✓ 85% success rate
Column worn out 20%

Diagnoza: Number of injections? >2000?

Fix: Regeneruj: flush 100% ACN 30 min, potem 100% MeOH 30 min.

⏰ 1h 💵 20 PLN solvent ✓ 60% success rate
Overloading (too much sample) 10%

Diagnoza: Fronting + tailing at the same time? Concentration >5 mg/mL?

Fix: Reduce inj. vol 10→5 μL or dilute 2×.

⏰ 5 min ✓ 90% success rate

Najczęściej zadawane pytania

Dla API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) typowo 98-102% label claim. Dla N-methylformamide (CAS 123-39-7) sprawdź: (1) USP monograph jeśli istnieje, (2) kompendium pharmacopoeia wewnętrzna, (3) ICH Q6A dla specyfikacji nowych substancji. Related substances ≤0.10% per ICH Q3A.

Source: ICH Q6A

USP : Rs ≥ 2.0. Fix: (1) wolniejszy gradient +30%, (2) niższy flow 0.8 mL/min, (3) dłuższa kolumna 250mm, (4) niższa temp 20°C.

Source: FDA Guidance

6× wstrzyknięcie standardu PRZED próbkami. Mierzysz Rs, Tf, RSD, N. Wszystkie muszą być PASS — inaczej nie analizuj. Kryteria: USP .

Source: USP Online

Prep Mistakes That Ruined The Run

Dissolving the sample — in what?

Standard in an ampoule. Dissolve it in water? ACN? Methanol? The protocol does not say. The wrong solvent → smeared peaks.

Sample Prep Protocol

  1. Dissolve 10 mg of sample in 10 mL of mobile phase (initial composition)
  2. Sonikuj 5 min → vortex 30 s
  3. Filtruj 0.22 μm PTFE (nie PVDF — adsorbuje!)
  4. Transfer 1 mL do HPLC vial z septum PTFE/silikon
  5. Przechowuj 4°C max 48h

Why Filter 0.22 μm?

Particles >0.22 μm clog the column inlet frit. Pressure rises +50 bar per 100 injections. Column lifetime drops from 2000 to 500 injections. Filter cost: 2 PLN. Column cost: 1800 PLN.

Complete Method PDF

Full protocol with all parameters

SOP Template

GMP-compliant SOP template

Validation Protocol

ICH Q2(R1) validation template

Bibliography (.bib)

All references in BibTeX format

Analiza powypadkowa — prawdziwe historie porażek Wnioski

Prawdziwe wpadki chemików — co się stało, co pomogło, czego unikać.

10 columns in 2 months — wrong filter

Marta K., QC supervisor, pharma company 2025-02-10 Poziom 4/5
Co się stało:

Q1 audit: column cost +340% vs Q4. QA blamed the lab. Investigation: a new operator was using a 0.45 μm filter instead of 0.22 μm. Microparticles got through the guard and were killing the main columns by the 100th injection.

💡 Lekcja:

The filter SOP must be WRITTEN and checked every batch. 0.22 μm is the standard per USP . Cost of the error: 10 columns × 1800 PLN = 18,000 PLN + audit finding.

Peak tailing ruined my results

Anna K., PhD student, Warszawa 2024-03 Poziom 3/5
Co się stało:

I ran the method exactly as written. Main peak Tf = 2.8 (should be <1.5). Integration impossible. I repeated it 6× — always tailing.

💡 Lekcja:

Causes: (1) buffer pH 8.2 instead of 7.0, (2) 2-month-old buffer (bacteria!), (3) C8 column instead of C18. Fix: fresh buffer pH 7.0 + switch to C18 → Tf 1.2, Rs 1.9→2.3.

Ask about this method

Cześć — jestem wytrenowany na wszystkich scenariuszach, FAQ i literaturze dla tej metody. Zapytaj mnie o cokolwiek.

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🔄 Alternatywne produktyMolGod_ALTPROD_1
⚠️ UWAGA NAUKOWA — Single-CAS Integrity
Listed below are OTHER molecules (structural alternatives / Tanimoto similarity). All physicochemical values (MW, pKa, LD50, GHS, spectra) apply to THESE alternatives, NOT the current molecule (CAS 123-39-7). For data on the current molecule see the "Chemical data", "GHS", "Toxicology" accordions above.
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Ethyl ether
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📄 Certyfikaty Analiz (CoA) CAS 123-39-7 brak MolGod_COA_2

Brak certyfikatów dla tego produktu w bazie.

📚 Naukowe referencje (Chicago Author-Date) — kliknij aby rozwinąć

Standardy zarządzania batchami i certyfikacji laboratoryjnej — 13 niezależnych źródeł (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

  1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
  2. International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
  3. World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
  4. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
  5. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [link ↗]
  6. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
  7. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [link ↗]
  8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
  9. European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [link ↗]
  10. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [link ↗]
  11. European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [link ↗]
  12. Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
  13. International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients
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Bibliografia (rozszerzona) (6)

  1. ★★★★★ OPENLIBRARY 🔓 OPEN Colin Andrew Bill. 1987. "Studies of the mechanism of antitumour activity of N-methylformamide." Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. link [dostep: 2026-09-21] CC0 (metadata)
  2. ★★★★★ OPENLIBRARY 🔓 OPEN Paul Gerard Pearson. 1985. "The metabolism and hepatotoxicity of N-Methylformamide." University of Aston. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. link [dostep: 2026-09-21] CC0 (metadata)
  3. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Lide, David R.. 2024. "N-Methylformamide." Handbook of Organic Solvents: 326-326. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003575191-326. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  4. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Anonymous. 2020. "N-Methylformamide." Definitions. https://doi.org/10.32388/sp1mft. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  5. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Damaskin, B. B., Safonov, V. A., Emets, V. V.. 2013. "Regression analysis of dependences of adsorption potential shifts on the charge in systems (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KI + (1 − m)c KClO4], (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KBr + (1 − m)c KClO4] and (Tl-Ga)/[N-methylformamide + mc KCl + (1 − m)c KClO4]." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 49 (4): 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193513040058. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
  6. ★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OPEN ❓ unverified Skarmoutsos, Ioannis, Samios, Jannis. 2004. "Molecular dynamics of cis/transN-methylformamide liquid mixture using a new optimized all atom rigid force field." Chemical Physics Letters 384 (1-3): 108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.096. link [dostep: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
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📚 REFERENCJE (Bibliografia zbiorcza, Chicago Author-Date) 121 items

Wszystkie źródła naukowe cytowane w akordeonach powyżej dla CAS 123-39-7. Format: Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date system.

🗄️ Bazy danych naukowych

  1. PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 123-39-7. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine.
  2. NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 123-39-7. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=123-39-7.
  3. AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 123-39-7. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
  4. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.

📐 Standardy / Wytyczne

  1. ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
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📖 Książki

  1. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  2. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
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  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Artykuły naukowe (peer-reviewed)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
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