Was ist Ethylene glycol?

Ethylene glycol (CAS 107-21-1) ist eine chemische Verbindung mit der Summenformel C2H6O2 und einer Molmasse von 62.07 g/mol. Chemische Daten von PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).

Was ist die CAS-Nummer von Ethylene glycol?

Die CAS-Nummer (Chemical Abstracts Service) für Ethylene glycol ist 107-21-1.

Was ist die chemische Formel von Ethylene glycol?

Die Summenformel von Ethylene glycol ist C2H6O2. IUPAC-Name: ethane-1,2-diol.

Wo kann man Ethylene glycol (CAS 107-21-1) kaufen?

Ethylene glycol (CAS 107-21-1) ist erhältlich im Shop Eapearl Chemical: https://epchems.online/products/ethylene-glycol/. Aktuelle Preis- und Verfügbarkeitsinformationen finden Sie auf der Produktseite.

Ethylene glycol

CAS 107-21-1 EC 203-473-3 C2H6O2 Alcohol CLP Warning

📄 Sicherheitsdatenblatt herunterladen (PDF)

MolGod_SDSCARD_1

REACH 2020/878

v2 · 22.09.2026

Specification

Product Name	Ethylene glycol
Other Names	EG
CAS No.	107-21-1
EINECS No.	203-473-3
MF	C2H6O2
Molecular weight	62.07
Purity	99.50%
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	1.124 g/mL at 20 °C 1.124 g/mL at 20 °C
Melting point	-13 °C (lit.)
Boiling point	195-198 °C
Flashing point	230°F

Values are typical for the standard grade. Tighter specifications are available — state the target in your inquiry and we confirm against the production batch.

Hazard classification

Warning

Harmonised classification (EU) — ECHA Annex VI (harmonised, ATP 23; 2026-07-07)

H302 Harmful if swallowed

Precautionary statements (24)

P264 Wash thoroughly after handling
P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
P301+P317
P330 Rinse mouth
P501 Dispose of contents/container to an approved waste collection point
P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
P319
P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
P264+P265
P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
P302+P352
P304+P340
P305+P351+P338
P308+P316
P317
P321 Specific treatment
P332+P317
P337+P317
P362+P364
P403+P233
P405 Store locked up
P203 Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use
P318

European Chemicals Agency. "ethanediol; ethylene glycol, Index No. 603-027-00-1." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Packaging and shipping

Drum225 kg

IBC Drum1127 kg

ISO tank (20ft)24–26 m³

ISO tank (40ft)48–50 m³

Our Ethylene Glycol (EG) is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic organic compound belonging to the glycol family. It is widely utilized in numerous industrial and commercial applications due to its excellent hygroscopicity, high boiling point, reliable chemical stability and low volatility.
Our EG boasts strong moisture absorption ability and excellent solubility, making it an indispensable raw material for various industrial formulations and manufacturing systems.
It is primarily applied as a core feedstock for the production of polyester fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins and engine antifreeze fluids. Moreover, it is extensively used in the production of polyester plastics, heat transfer fluids and industrial solvents, serving the textile, packaging, automotive and general chemical industries with stable and reliable performance.

Ethylene Glycol (EG) multi-industry solution provider | Offers a full range of product specifications, including antifreeze, polyester, resin, etc. | Stable supply chain

Product Description

Ethylene glycol is an important organic chemical raw material, mainly used for the production of polyester products (such as polyester fibers and polyester resins), automotive and industrial antifreeze, solvents (for paints, inks, cosmetics, etc.), and as an intermediate for synthesizing other chemicals. The following is a detailed explanation of its main uses and functions:

Polyester product production: Ethylene glycol reacts with terephthalic acid through condensation to form polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a key raw material for producing polyester fibers (polyester) and polyester resins. Polyester fibers are widely used in the textile industry, while polyester resins are used in fields such as coatings, adhesives, and fiberglass, enhancing the hardness, corrosion resistance, and other properties of the coatings.

Antifreeze field: Ethylene glycol is one of the main components of automotive antifreeze, and when mixed with water, it significantly lowers the freezing point, preventing engine freezing in low temperatures, and also increases the boiling point. In industry, it is also used as a coolant in cooling systems for chemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries.

Ethylene Glycol (EG) multi-industry solution provider | Offers a full range of product specifications, including antifreeze, polyester, resin, etc. | Stable supply chain

Delivery&Payment method

Ethylene Glycol (EG) multi-industry solution provider | Offers a full range of product specifications, including antifreeze, polyester, resin, etc. | Stable supply chain

Frequently asked

In what packaging is Ethylene glycol shipped?

Standard formats are Drum (225 kg), IBC Drum (1127 kg), ISO tank (20ft) (24–26 m³), ISO tank (40ft) (48–50 m³). Other packaging can be arranged for full-container orders.

Is a safety data sheet available for Ethylene glycol?

Yes, on request. Safety data sheets are issued per grade and destination market; state the country of import in your inquiry.

What purity do you supply?

The standard grade is 99.50%. Tighter specifications are confirmed against the production batch before shipment.

Technical reading on Ethylene glycol

Is triethylene glycol hazardous? TEG facts

Triethylene glycol has no EU harmonised classification. How TEG differs from ethylene and diethylene glycol, and what to…

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Propylene glycol ethyl ether is not the freezing-point depressant in an anti-freeze fluid. Here is what a glycol…

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Where diethylene glycol comes from, and how it travels

Diethylene glycol is a co-product of ethylene glycol manufacture, so it exists in volume whether anyone orders it…

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🧬 3D-Molekül-Visualisierer

Daten transkribiert aus regulatorischen Registern und Fachliteratur, unter Angabe von Quelle und Ausgabe. Sie ersetzen nicht das Sicherheitsdatenblatt des Lieferanten. Felder ohne hinterlegte Quelle sind als solche gekennzeichnet.

📊 Physikochemische Daten — CAS 107-21-1MolGod_PROPHUB_MAIN

📊 Physikochemische Eigenschaften

Kurzübersicht

Formel: C₂H₆O₂

MW: 62.07 g/mol

CAS: 107-21-1

Aussehen: Klare, farblose, sirupartige Flüssigkeit [Anmerkung: Ein Feststoff unterhalb von 9 Grad F].

Geruch: Geruchlos

Detaillierte Eigenschaften

A supplement to the „Physicochemical properties (database)” table below — repeated values are shown only once.

Eigenschaft	Wert	Einheit	Bedingungen	Quelle
Viskosität (η)	/p>PEG 400: 105 to 130 mPa.s at 20 °C; PEG 3000: 75 to 100 mPa.s at 20 °C; PEG 3350: 83 to 120 mPa.s at 20 °C; PEG 4000: 110 to 170 mPa.s at 20 °C; PEG 6000: 200 to 270 mPa.s at 20 °C; PEG 8000: 260 to 510 mPa.s at 20 °C; For polyethylene glycols having a average molecular weight greater than 400, the viscosity is determined on a 50 per cent m/m solution of the candidate substance in water			EU Food Improvement Agents ↗
Brechungsindex (n_D)	1.4318^[1]^[2]		20 °C, D-line	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)

🔬 Erweiterte Eigenschaften

Chemische Kennungen

SMILES: C(CO)O

InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2

InChIKey: LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Datenquellen: EU Food Improvement Agents, Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)

Zuletzt aktualisiert: unbestätigt

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date) (2 Quellen)

PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ dotyczy: Brechungsindex (nD)
Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. dotyczy: Brechungsindex (nD)

Eigenschaft	Wert	Einheit	Bedingungen	Quelle
Schmelzpunkt	-12.9 ^[1]^[2]^[3]	°C	1 atm	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Siedepunkt	197.3 ^[1]^[2]^[3]	°C	760 mmHg	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Wasserlöslichkeit	miscible ^[1]	—	qualitative description (no numerical value)	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Dichte (ρ)	1.1132 ^[1]^[3]	g/cm³	20°C	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Brechungsindex (n_D)	1.4318 ^[1]^[3]	—	20°C, sodium D	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Viskosität (η)	16.1 ^[1]	cP	25°C	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Dampfdruck	0.092 ^[1]	mmHg	25°C	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Flammpunkt	111 ^[3]	°C	closed cup	No primary source
Zündtemperatur	398	°C	in air	No primary source
pKa₁	14.22	—		No primary source
logP (Octanol/Wasser)	-1.36	—		No primary source
logD (pH 7)	-1.36 ^[1]	—	pH 7	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Dielektrizitätskonstante (ε)	37.7 ^[1]	—		Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Oberflächenspannung	47.7 ^[1]	mN/m		Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Spezifische Wärme (cp)	2.395 ^[1]	J/(g·K)		Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Wärmeleitfähigkeit (k)	0.258 ^[1]	W/(m·K)		Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Dipolmoment (μ)	2.2 ^[1]	D		Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
ΔH Verdampfung	50.5 ^[1]	kJ/mol		Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
ΔH Schmelzen	11.23 ^[1]	kJ/mol	at mp	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Kritische Temperatur (Tc)	446.9 ^[1]	°C	critical point	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Kritischer Druck (Pc)	80 ^[1]	bar	critical point	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Azentrischer Faktor (ω)	0.487 ^[1]	—	Pitzer	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Ethanol-Löslichkeit	miscible ^[1]	—	qualitative description (no numerical value)	Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)

Chemische Übersicht: Ethylene GlycolMolGod_OVERVIEW_1

Summenformel	C₂H₆O₂^[1]
Molekulargewicht	62.07 g/mol^[1]
Schmelzpunkt	-12.9 °C^[1]^[2]^[3]
Siedepunkt	197.3 °C (760 mmHg)^[1]^[2]^[3]
Dichte	1.1132 g/cm³^[1]^[3]
LogP (Lipophilie)	-1.36^[1]
pKa	14.22
IUPAC-Name	ethane-1,2-diol^[1]
SMILES	`C(CO)O`^[1]
InChIKey	`LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N`^[1]

Synonyme: ETHYLENE GLYCOL · Ethane-1,2-diol · 107-21-1 · 1,2-ethanediol · glycol

Datenquellen: PubChem (NLM/NIH), Yaws Handbook 2nd ed. (2014)
Zuletzt aktualisiert: 2026-09-21

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date) (3 Quellen)

PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ dotyczy: Summenformel · Molekulargewicht · Schmelzpunkt · Siedepunkt · Dichte · LogP (Lipophilie) · IUPAC-Name · SMILES · InChIKey
NIST. Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗ dotyczy: Schmelzpunkt · Siedepunkt
Yaws, C.L. Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier (Gulf Professional Publishing), 2014. dotyczy: Schmelzpunkt · Siedepunkt · Dichte

WISSENSCHAFTLICHE FORSCHUNG

[1]Europe PMC2021

Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up…

et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0

[2]Europe PMC2021

Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and…

et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-02

[3]Doaj2021

Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia…

Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti, Mary Tolulope Olaleye et al.. (2021). "Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected id

[4]Doaj2021

The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5

Clark Candyce R., Hosten Eric C., Betz Richard. (2021). "The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropana

[5]Doaj2020

New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study…

Lorenzo Gontrani, Pietro Tagliatesta, Antonio Agresti et al.. (2020). "New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study o

[6]Doaj2020

Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

O. S. Olayeriju, O. O. Crown, O. O. Elekofehinti et al.. (2020). "Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

[7]Doaj2018

catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]

Kai-Long Zhong. (2018). "catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]". IUCrData. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314618016322

[8]CrossRef2017

Diffusion coefficient of ethane-1,2-diol into water and ethane-1,2-diol solution

Jochen Winkelmann. (2017). "Diffusion coefficient of ethane-1,2-diol into water and ethane-1,2-diol solution". Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date) 19 refs · 3 baz

MOLECULE Bibliografie pro CAS (live aus 13+ Datenbanken)

Quellen: db:Europe PMC (9) · db:doaj (5) · db:crossref (5)

db:Europe PMC et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0 →
db:Europe PMC et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02904-y →
db:doaj Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti, Mary Tolulope Olaleye et al.. (2021). "Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia gilletii, modulates crystal binding genes (CD44/OPN) in Ethane-1,2-diol-induced nephrolithic rats". Phytomedicine Plus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100066 →
db:doaj Clark Candyce R., Hosten Eric C., Betz Richard. (2021). "The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures. https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2020-0529 →
db:Europe PMC et al.. (2020). "New Insights Into the Structure of Hydroxylated and Alkylated Glycols: A Comparative X-ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane". https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0071.v1 →
db:doaj Lorenzo Gontrani, Pietro Tagliatesta, Antonio Agresti et al.. (2020). "New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane". Crystals. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111011 →
db:doaj O. S. Olayeriju, O. O. Crown, O. O. Elekofehinti et al.. (2020). "Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats". African Journal of Urology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-020-0018-x →
db:doaj Kai-Long Zhong. (2018). "catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]". IUCrData. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314618016322 →
db:crossref Jochen Winkelmann. (2017). "Diffusion coefficient of ethane-1,2-diol into water and ethane-1,2-diol solution". Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1133 →
db:crossref Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2-diol". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_768 →
db:crossref Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and ethane-1,2-diamine". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_764 →
db:crossref Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_769 →
db:Europe PMC (2013). "Poly[aqua-(μ2-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)(μ2-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')nickel(II)].". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813003772 →
db:Europe PMC (2013). "Poly[diaqua-bis-(μ-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')bis-(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)bis(μ-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')dicobalt(II)].". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813006685 →
db:Europe PMC (2010). "Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')zinc(II) ethane-1,2-diol solvate.". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809055433 →
db:Europe PMC et al.. (2000). "Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of 2-hydroxy-2-(pentafluorophenyl)acetonitrile leading to (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bis(pentafluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol". https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9918551 →
db:crossref Kajal Krishna Rajak, Sujit Mondal, Sankar Prasad Rath. (2000). "Synthesis, structure and properties of mononuclear oxovanadium(V) alkoxides incorporating chelated ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol". Polyhedron. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)00336-3 →
db:Europe PMC (1998). "Synthesis of alpha,alpha-, alpha,Beta-, and Beta,Beta-(dimaltoside)s of ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, and butane-1,4-diol: a proposal for an initial adhesion mode.". https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00191-8 →
db:Europe PMC (1989). "Simple enzymatic screening assay for ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(89)90153-8 →

Regulatorischer Status der Substanz

Diese Substanz unterliegt regulatorischen Anforderungen: Bewirtschaftung gefährlicher Abfälle (BDO-Register). Details im Abschnitt "Regulatorischer Status (REACH/ECHA/CLP)" und im SDS. Regulatorische Information — schränkt den Kauf in diesem Shop nicht ein.

🧮 Stöchiometrie-RechnerMolGod_STOICH_1

🧪 Chemische DatenMolGod_CHEMDATA_1

CAS-Nummer: 107-21-1
Summenformel: C2H6O2
Molmasse: 62.07 g/mol
IUPAC-Name (EN): ethane-1,2-diol
SMILES: C(CO)O
InChIKey: LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

📚 Literatura naukowa (10 Artikel)MolGod_LITSCI_1

🔓

Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa. 7 citations

et al. · (2021)

DOI ↗PubMed ↗PDF ↗

🔓

Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa. 3 citations

et al. · (2021)

DOI ↗PubMed ↗PDF ↗

🔒

Simple enzymatic screening assay for ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum. 17 citations

(1989)

DOI ↗PubMed ↗

🔒

Synthesis of alpha,alpha-, alpha,Beta-, and Beta,Beta-(dimaltoside)s of ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, and butane-1,4-diol: a proposal for an initial adhesion mode. 10 citations

(1998)

DOI ↗PubMed ↗

🔓

New Insights Into the Structure of Hydroxylated and Alkylated Glycols: A Comparative X-ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane

et al. · (2020)

DOI ↗PDF ↗

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📡 Data sourcesMolGod_SOURCES_1

The data in this widget comes from the following verified scientific sources:

PubChem — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/NIH), USA
ChEMBL — European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), UK
NIST WebBook — National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Data is cached locally for speed — the widget also works offline.

⚗️ Physicochemical propertiesMolGod_PHYSTAB_2

Temp. wrzenia: 197.4
Temp. topnienia: -12.2
Density: 1.114

Source: PubChem, NIST WebBook. Last updated: date not confirmed

🔍 Externe IdentifikatorenMolGod_EXTID_1

14 von 16 ID-Systemen88%

Datenbank	Identifikator	Aktionen
CAS Registry Number	107-21-1	Öffnen →
PubChem CID	174^[1]	Öffnen →
InChIKey	LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N^[1]	Öffnen →
InChI	InChI=1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2^[1]
SMILES	C(CO)O^[1]
EC Number	203-473-3^[2]	Öffnen →
ChEMBL	CHEMBL457299^[3]	Öffnen →
KEGG Compound	C01380	Öffnen →
HMDB	HMDB0037790	Öffnen →
ChemSpider	13835235^[4]	Öffnen →
MeSH UID (NLM)	D019855	Öffnen →
UNII (FDA)	FC72KVT52F	Öffnen →
NSC Number (NCI)	93876	Öffnen →
WikiData QID	Q194207	Öffnen →

Quellen: PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date) (4 Quellen)

PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH/NLM), chemical compound database. ↗ dotyczy: PubChem CID · InChIKey · InChI · SMILES
ECHA. EC Inventory — EINECS, ELINCS, NLP and List Numbers assigned under REACH. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. ↗ dotyczy: EC Number
ChEMBL. European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), bioactivity database. ↗ dotyczy: ChEMBL
ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry, chemical structure database. ↗ dotyczy: ChemSpider

Dalsza literatura

Publications thematically related to this CAS. They are not the source of any value given on this card.

Bibliografie (erweitert) (6)

★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Chivin, Sun. "Synthesis of spirosilicates directly from silica and ethylene glycol/ethylene glycol derivatives.". https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2000.1699. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene glycol) Networks in Water for Evaluating Negative Energetic Elasticity.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01121.s001. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s001. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s002. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Identification of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Detergents Using Peptide Search Engines.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00365.s007. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★☆☆☆☆ CANONICAL_PAPERS ❓ ? ❓ nicht verifiziert Liubimovskii SO; Novikov VS; Ustynyuk LY et al.. 2023. "Raman structural study of ethylene glycol and 1,3-propylene glycol aqueous solutions." Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23]

📡 Spektroskopie — CAS 107-21-1MolGod_SPECHUB_MAIN

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📚 Steinbeck C et al. (2003) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43(1):10–16 DOI: 10.1021/ci025588g

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What is 107-21-1?

107-21-1 (CAS 107-21-1) is a chemical compound. The chemical data comes from PubChem (National Institutes of Health, USA).

Hilfreich?

What is the CAS number of 107-21-1?

The CAS number for 107-21-1 is 107-21-1. A CAS Registry Number is the standard identifier for a chemical substance in scientific literature and in trade.

Hilfreich?

How should 107-21-1 be stored?

107-21-1 should be stored as its safety data sheet directs \— typically in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from heat and from materials it is incompatible with.

Hilfreich?

➕ Frage vorschlagen

Strukturdateien herunterladenMolGod_STRDL_1

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📄 .SDF 📄 .MOL 📈 3D JSON 🌐 Weitere Formate (PubChem)

Quelle: PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH). CID: 174

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Geben Sie die Konzentration Ethylene Glycol in einer beliebigen Einheit ein — der Rest wird automatisch berechnet.

MW: 62.07 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Umrechnungsformeln + Zitate (pro Formel)

Umrechnung	Formel	Genauigkeit	Quelle
% (w/v) ↔ molarity	c (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW	±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mL	IUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molar	c (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³	Exact	Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)	c = n/V = (m/MW)/V	±0.1% (depends on MW precision)	IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarity	c (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous	±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)	IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarity	c (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1	±0.2%	Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarity	c (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW	±0.1% (depends on MW precision)	Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarity	c (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³	Exact	Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ Kelvin	T(K) = t(°C) + 273.15	±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)	BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ Fahrenheit	T(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32	±0.1 °F	Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarity	c (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL	±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimals	Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)

📚 Bibliographie (8 autoritative Quellen)

Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
→ Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
→ Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
→ International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
→ General rules for physical quantities and units
ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
→ Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
→ Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
→ Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
→ Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book

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🛡️ Sicherheit — CAS 107-21-1MolGod_SAFEHUB_MAIN

Hinweis zu Datenbeschränkungen. Die Sicherheitsinformationen auf dieser Seite dienen nur zur Information und ersetzen kein vollständiges Sicherheitsdatenblatt (SDS). Konsultieren Sie vor der Verwendung des Produkts das aktuelle Sicherheitsdatenblatt des Herstellers sowie die GHS/CLP-Leitlinien. Die CLP-Einstufung bezieht sich auf die reine Bulk-Substanz, nicht auf handelsübliche Zubereitungen.

GHS/CLP-Einstufung — Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠ Achtung (Warning)

GHS07 Reizend / gesundheitsschädlich

🚨 Gefahrenhinweise (H)

H302 — Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

🛡 Sicherheitshinweise (P)

P264 — Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P260 — Staub/Rauch/Gas/Nebel/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen.
P203 — Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise einholen, lesen und befolgen.
P261 — Einatmen von Staub/Rauch/Gas/Nebel/Dampf/Aerosol vermeiden.

✓ Harmonisierte Einstufung gemäß Anhang VI der CLP-Verordnung (EG) 1272/2008 (amtliche, verbindliche Einstufung). Indexnummer: 603-027-00-1.

Referenz (Chicago): European Chemicals Agency. "ethanediol; ethylene glycol, Index No. 603-027-00-1." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress (harmonised list as of 2026-07-07). Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

Übersetzungen: CLP-Verordnung (EG) 1272/2008, Anhang III und IV. Daten: PubChem/NLM.

♻️ Entsorgung chemischer Abfälle Reizend

📋 EWC-Code (Europäischer Abfallkatalog):
16 05 06* Labor- und Analysechemikalien (Reagenzien) mit gefährlichen Stoffen

Ein Code mit Sternchen (*) = gefährlicher Abfall, der eine BDO-Registrierung + ein Transportprotokoll (Abfallübergabeschein) erfordert.

🌍 Umweltgefährdung: NEIN

💧 Risiko der Wasserkontamination: JA

🌱 Risiko der Bodenkontamination: NEIN

🚫 NICHT in die Kanalisation: JA

⚠️ Large spill — HAZMAT response: NEIN

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date)

European Commission. 2014. Commission Decision 2014/955/EU on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC. Official Journal of the European Union. Decyzja 2014/955/UE. [link ↗] — European List of Waste (LoW) — 6-stellige EWC-Codes + Sternchen für gefährlich
Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2020. Rozporządzenie Ministra Klimatu z dnia 2 stycznia 2020 r. w sprawie katalogu odpadów. Dziennik Ustaw RP 2020 poz. 10. [link ↗] — Polnischer Abfallkatalog — Umsetzung der Entscheidung 2014/955/EU
Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ). 2024. Baza Danych O Odpadach (BDO) — System rejestracji firm utylizacyjnych. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska. [link ↗] — Zentrales BDO-Register — vollständige Liste der zur Abfallwirtschaft befugten Unternehmen
Poland — Sejm of the Republic of Poland. 2012. Act of 14 December 2012 on waste. Journal of Laws (Dz.U.) 2013 item 21 (as amended). [link ↗] — Nationales Gesetz — definiert die Pflichten des Abfallerzeugers + Registrierung in der polnischen Abfalldatenbank (BDO)
Furr, A. Keith, ed.. 2000. CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety. CRC Press. — Klassifizierung von Laborabfällen + Trennverfahren (Kapitel Waste Management); EN 374:2013 Handschuhstandards für Personen, die mit gefährlichen Abfällen umgehen.
Pohanish, Richard P.. 2017. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens. Elsevier. — Abfallklassifizierung pro CAS + Unverträglichkeiten — Eingabe für das EWC-Mapping.
Lewis, Richard J.. 2012. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. Wiley. — Reaktivität + Lagerverträglichkeit von Abfällen (Oxidationsmittel vs. brennbare Stoffe — getrennte Ströme).
NIOSH. 2024. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [link ↗] — PEL/REL/IDLH pro CAS — Grundlage für die beim Abfalltransport erforderliche PSA (KPO — Abfallübergabeschein).
OSHA. 2024. Occupational Chemical Database — Hazardous Waste Operations (HAZWOPER). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. [link ↗] — 29 CFR 1910.120 — Schulungen + PSA für den Umgang mit gefährlichen Abfällen.
European Parliament and Council. 2008. Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (Waste Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Union L 312/3. [link ↗] — Abfallhierarchie (Vermeidung → Verwertung → Beseitigung); definiert "gefährlichen Abfall".
European Parliament and Council. 2009. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures. Official Journal of the European Union L 353. [link ↗] — CLP-Klassifizierung von H-Sätzen → Mapping auf EWC * (Sternchen = gefährlich).
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2023. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025). UNECE. [link ↗] — ADR — Anforderungen an den Transport gefährlicher Abfälle (KPO — Abfallübergabeschein + UN-Nummer + Klassen 1–9).
IPCS INCHEM. 2024. International Programme on Chemical Safety — Waste Management Guidelines. WHO/UNEP/ILO. [link ↗] — Internationale Leitlinien zur Neutralisation + Entsorgung pro CAS.
European Parliament and Council. 2006. Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste. Official Journal of the European Union L 190: 1–98. [link ↗] — Grenzüberschreitende Verbringung gefährlicher Abfälle — Notifizierungs- + Zustimmungspflichten vor dem Export

📋 Regulatorische Konformität (Compliance-Checkliste) Reizend 1 erforderlich 7 Positionen

ℹ️ Checkliste der regulatorischen Pflichten für CAS 107-21-1. Status basierend auf: ADR 2025 (Tabelle A), REACH Anhang XVII, CLP Anhang VI (harmonisierte Einstufung), Gefahrenklasse aus der m14-spill-DB, SVHC, GIS und der polnischen NDS-Liste. Grundsatz: keine Daten = keine Aussage (wir erklären NICHT "keine Beschränkungen" ohne Grundlage).

✅ SDS (Sicherheitsdatenblatt) verfügbar erfüllt

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: Anforderung: aktuelles SDB gemäß Verordnung 1907/2006 (REACH) Anhang II, 16-Abschnitte-Format.

Rechtsgrundlage: Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) Art. 31 + Annex II
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗
▣ Konformes CLP-Etikett (Piktogramme + Signalwort + H/P) erforderlich

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: Das Etikett muss enthalten: GHS-Piktogramme, das Signalwort (Gefahr/Achtung), H-Sätze (Gefahrenhinweise) und P-Sätze (Sicherheitshinweise), Herstellerangaben. Erforderlich seit 2010 (Stoffe) und 2015 (Gemische). Für diese Substanz gilt eine HARMONISIERTE EINSTUFUNG (CLP Anhang VI) — siehe unten; sie hat Vorrang vor der Selbsteinstufung.

Rechtsgrundlage: Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (CLP) Art. 17-33 + Annex VI (harmonised classification)

Harmonisierte Einstufung (CLP Anhang VI): Acute Tox. 4 * — H302 · Index 603-027-00-1
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗
❓ ADR-Transport (internationales Übereinkommen) zu überprüfen

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: Keine ADR-Daten im MOL-GOD-Datensatz für diese CAS-Nummer. Nehmen Sie NICHT an, dass keine Beschränkungen bestehen — überprüfen Sie vor dem Versand die Transporteinstufung in ADR 2025 (Tabelle A) und in Abschnitt 14 des Sicherheitsdatenblatts (SDS).

Rechtsgrundlage: European Agreement ADR 2025 + Act of 19 August 2011 on the transport of dangerous goods
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗
🔵 REACH-Registrierung (>1 t/Jahr EU-Import) bedingt

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: Importeure/Hersteller ab ≥1 Tonne/Jahr müssen die Substanz bei der ECHA registrieren (technisches Dossier + Chemical Safety Report bei ≥10 t). Prüfen Sie die ECHA Annex VI / registered substances list.

Rechtsgrundlage: Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) Art. 5-22
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗
❓ SVHC-Meldung (besonders besorgniserregende Stoffe) zu überprüfen

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: SVHC-Status anhand des verfügbaren Datenbestands nicht überprüft — die aktuelle ECHA-Kandidatenliste prüfen; das Fehlen eines Eintrags nicht voraussetzen.

Rechtsgrundlage: REACH Art. 7(2) + 33 — SVHC notification + communication
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗
❓ REACH Anhang XIV (Zulassungsliste) zu überprüfen

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: Nicht gegen die ECHA-Zulassungsliste verifiziert — REACH Anhang XIV prüfen.

Rechtsgrundlage: Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex XIV — authorisation
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗
⚪ REACH Anhang XVII (Verwendungs-/Vermarktungsbeschränkungen) nicht zutreffend

So gewährleisten Sie die Konformität: Zweryfikowano wobec klasyfikacji zharmonizowanej (CLP Załącznik VI): substancja NIE ma klasyfikacji CMR kat. 1A/1B, więc NIE podlega ogólnemu zakazowi sprzedaży ogółowi społeczeństwa z poz. 28–30 Załącznika XVII. UWAGA: szczegółowe (nie-CMR) pozycje Załącznika XVII nie są objęte zbiorem MOL-GOD (zbiór niepełny) — przy wątpliwości sprawdź skonsolidowany Załącznik XVII na stronach ECHA.

Rechtsgrundlage: Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex XVII — restrictions on manufacture/placing on the market/use
📎 Quelle / Formular ↗

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date)

European Parliament and Council. 2008. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP). Official Journal of the European Union L 353/1. CLP Regulation 1272/2008. [link ↗] — Einstufung, Kennzeichnung und Verpackung von Stoffen + Gemischen (GHS-Umsetzung in der EU)
European Parliament and Council. 2006. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Official Journal of the European Union L 396/1. REACH Regulation 1907/2006. [link ↗] — REACH — Registrierung, Bewertung und Zulassung von Chemikalien; SVHC; SDS Anhang II
Ministerstwo Rodziny i Polityki Społecznej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. 2024. Rozporządzenie Ministra Rodziny i Polityki Społecznej z dnia 4 września 2024 r. w sprawie najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń i natężeń czynników szkodliwych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy. Dziennik Ustaw RP 2024 poz. 1017. [link ↗] — NDS und NDSCh für ~600 chemische Substanzen — aktuelle polnische Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2025. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 2025 Edition. United Nations, Geneva. ADR 2025. [link ↗] — Internationales Übereinkommen über den Straßentransport gefährlicher Güter — UN-Nummern, Klassen, Verpackungen

📚 Konsolidierte wissenschaftliche Referenzen — Chicago Author-Date 10 Quellen

Referenzen aus allen Safety-Hub-Registerkarten gesammelt. CAS: 107-21-1 · PubChem ↗

Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Vorschriften
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

Registerkarten mit eigenen Referenzen (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) enthalten zusätzliche bibliografische Einträge in ihren jeweiligen Abschnitten.

📈 Analytische Statistik (t-Test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Fügen Sie eine Serie von Messwiederholungen ein (CSV oder eine Zahl pro Zeile). Der Rechner berechnet Mittelwert, Standardabweichung und 95% CI und erkennt Ausreißer (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Messergebnisse:

Trennzeichen: Komma, Leerzeichen, Tab, Zeilenumbruch. Min. 3 Messungen.

📐 Statistische Formeln

x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — arithmetisches Mittel
s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — Stichprobenvarianz
s = √s² — Standardabweichung
RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — relative Standardabweichung
CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — Grubbs-Test
Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Quelle: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Puffer-Rezept-Rechner EINZIGARTIG

Wählen Sie einen Puffer aus der Liste von 20 gängigen Systemen → geben Sie den Ziel-pH-Wert ein → Sie erhalten ein exaktes Rezept mit den einzuwiegenden Massen.

Schritt 1: Puffersystem wählen

📜 Rezeptverlauf (letzte 10)

Pharmakologischer Status

Prekliniczny

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

Zugelassen

Präklinisch — keine Daten aus Studien am Menschen.

ChEMBL CHEMBL457299 ↗

Bibliografie (erweitert) (5)

★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Chivin, Sun. "Synthesis of spirosilicates directly from silica and ethylene glycol/ethylene glycol derivatives.". https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2000.1699. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene glycol) Networks in Water for Evaluating Negative Energetic Elasticity.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01121.s001. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s001. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s002. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Identification of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Detergents Using Peptide Search Engines.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00365.s007. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)

📅 Project Planner — Manager für Laborexperimente NEU

Planen Sie Ihr gesamtes Laborprojekt: Fügen Sie Experimente mit Reagenzien, Wiederholungen und Dauer hinzu. Sie erhalten ein Gantt-Diagramm, eine Einkaufsliste (mit Links zum Shop!), ein Budget mit 10% Reserve und eine GHS-Risikomatrix.

🧪 Löslichkeit und Lösungsmittelkompatibilität MolGod_SOLUB_1

Molekül

Ethylene Glycol

Formel

C2H6O2

logP (XLogP3)

-1.40

Masse (g/mol)

62.07

Polarität

Hydrophil (polar)

⚠️ HSP-Schätzung (Literatur / Group Contribution). Richtwerte — ersetzen keine experimentellen Untersuchungen.

Ra < R₀ = good miscibility · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = borderline · above = poor (R₀ — radius of the Hansen sphere of this molecule) For this molecule R₀ = 9..

Lösungsmittel	Compat.	Ra	GC-MS	HPLC	Anwendungen	Referenzen
Water (H₂O)	miscible	17.3	✗ Nie	A (aqueous) (RP)	buffercell cultureanalyticalextraction (hydrophilic)	Hansen (2007) ↗NIST ↗CRC ↗IAPWS ↗Reichardt 2011 ↗GESTIS ↗
Ethanol (EtOH)	+ Gut	7.4	✗ Nie	A/B modifier (RP/NP)	extractionspectroscopy (UV-Vis)synthesisHPLC modifier	Hansen (2007) ↗NIST ↗CRC ↗Snyder & Kirkland ↗Smallwood ↗GESTIS ↗
Methanol (MeOH)	+ Gut	5.5	✗ Nie	A/B (RP) (RP)	HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent to 205 nm	Snyder & Kirkland ↗NIST ↗CRC ↗Snyder & Kirkland ↗GESTIS ↗
Acetone	− Schwach	19.2	✗ Nie	B modifier (NP)	GC headspacecrystallisationdegreasingsynthesis	Reichardt (2011) ↗NIST ↗CRC ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Smallwood ↗GESTIS ↗
Acetonitrile (ACN)	− Schwach	21.4	✗ Nie	B (RP) (RP)	HPLC eluent (gold standard)LC-MS (low UV cut-off, 190 nm)peptide analysis	Aguilar, M.I. ↗NIST ↗CRC ↗Snyder & Kirkland ↗Reichardt 2011 ↗GESTIS ↗
DMSO	− Schwach	16.9	✗ Nie	N/A (N/A)	NMR (d6-DMSO)cell biology (cryopreservation)drug deliverysynthesis	Wypych, G. ↗NIST ↗Wypych 2019 ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Reichardt 2011 ↗GESTIS ↗
THF	− Schwach	18.8	✗ Nie	B (NP) (NP)	GPC/SEC (polymer analysis)Grignard synthesisorganometallics	Armarego (2009) ↗NIST ↗Armarego 2009 ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Smallwood ↗GESTIS ↗
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)	− Schwach	20.6	✓ Tak	B (NP) (NP)	extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScrystallisation (anti-solvent)	NIST WebBook ↗NIST ↗IARC 71 ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Reichardt 2011 ↗GESTIS ↗
Chloroform (CHCl₃)	− Schwach	21.8	✓ Tak	N/A (toxic) (N/A)	NMR (CDCl3)lipid extraction (Folch method)NP-TLC	IARC Monographs ↗NIST ↗IARC 73 ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Reichardt 2011 ↗GESTIS ↗
Hexane	− Schwach	28.5	✓ Tak	A (NP) (NP)	NP-HPLCoil extraction (lipids)GC-MSTLC (NP)	Dass, C. (2011) ↗NIST ↗ATSDR n-Hexane ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Snyder & Kirkland ↗GESTIS ↗
Toluene	− Schwach	25.9	✓ Tak	B (NP) (NP)	NMR (d8-toluene)synthesisazeotropic drying (Dean-Stark)	GESTIS DGUV ↗NIST ↗IARC 71 ↗Hansen 2007 ↗Smallwood ↗GESTIS ↗

Quellen: PubChem (NIH) · Hansen Solubility Database

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen für Lösungsmittel (Chicago Author-Date) — zum Aufklappen klicken

11 solvents · 54 full citations (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS) — below.

Water (H₂O)

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water

Ethanol (EtOH)

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol

Methanol (MeOH)

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol

Acetone

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone

Acetonitrile (ACN)

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile

DMSO

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO

THF

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran

DCM (CH₂Cl₂)

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane

Chloroform (CHCl₃)

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform

n-Hexane

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane

Toluene

NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene

Löslichkeitstheorie (angewendet in der Verträglichkeitsvorhersage):

Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — HSP-Triplett (dD, dP, dH) + Ra-Formel.
Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Vollständige tabellarische Sammlung von 250+ Lösungsmitteln (ε, μ, Donizität, Akzeptorzahlen).
PubChem Compound Database — CAS 107-21-1 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Vollständige Bibliografie im Akkordeon REFERENZEN (am Ende der Seite) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

🌐 Hansen Solubility Sphere (3D)

Je näher am Molekül (rote Kugel), desto besser das Lösungsmittel. · Erweitert: Beschriftungen + Gitter + Achsen + Pulsation.

Ihr Molekül

Dobra (Ra < R₀)

Graniczna (Ra < 1,5×R₀)

Poor (Ra ≥ 1.5×R₀)

Ra < R₀ = good miscibility · Ra < 1,5×R₀ = borderline · above = poor (R₀ — radius of the Hansen sphere of this molecule) For this molecule R₀ = 9..

📚 Data sources HSP + Ra

et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0 [DOI ↗]
et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02904-y [DOI ↗]
Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti, Mary Tolulope Olaleye et al.. (2021). "Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia gilletii, modulates crystal binding genes (CD44/OPN) in Ethane-1,2-diol-induced nephrolithic rats". Phytomedicine Plus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100066 [DOI ↗]
Clark Candyce R., Hosten Eric C., Betz Richard. (2021). "The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures. https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2020-0529 [DOI ↗]
Lorenzo Gontrani, Pietro Tagliatesta, Antonio Agresti et al.. (2020). "New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane". Crystals. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111011 [DOI ↗]
O. S. Olayeriju, O. O. Crown, O. O. Elekofehinti et al.. (2020). "Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats". African Journal of Urology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-020-0018-x [DOI ↗]
Kai-Long Zhong. (2018). "catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]". IUCrData. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314618016322 [DOI ↗]
Jochen Winkelmann. (2017). "Diffusion coefficient of ethane-1,2-diol into water and ethane-1,2-diol solution". Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1133 [DOI ↗]
Hansen Solubility Database — hansen-solubility.com
PubChem — pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Methode: Group Contribution (GC) — schnelle Schätzung von δD/δP/δH aus logP, wenn keine experimentellen Daten vorliegen. Genauigkeit ±2 MPa^½. Für höhere Präzision → HSPiP-Software.

Hansen Solubility Parameters:

δD: 17 MPa^0.5

δP: 11 MPa^0.5

δH: 26 MPa^0.5

⚗️ Reaktionskompatibilität prüfen MolGod_RXNCOMP_1

Gesundheit: 2/4

Entflammbarkeit: 0/4

Reaktivität: 0/4

Gemäß NFPA 704 / berechnet aus H-Sätzen

Prüfen Sie, ob Ethylene Glycol mit einem anderen Reagenz verträglich ist

📦 Lagerverträglichkeitsmatrix

	Acids	Regeln	Oxidationsmittel	Entzündbar	Giftig	Gazy
Acids	✓	✗	✗	✗	⚠	✗
Regeln	✗	✓	⚠	⚠	⚠	⚠
Oxidationsmittel	✗	⚠	✓	✗	⚠	✗
Entzündbar	✗	⚠	✗	✓	⚠	✗
Giftig	⚠	⚠	⚠	⚠	✓	⚠
Gazy	✗	⚠	✗	✗	⚠	✓

✓ Gemeinsame Lagerung möglich · ⚠ Vorsicht · ✗ NICHT zusammen lagern · OSHA Chemical Segregation ↗

Verträglichkeitsdaten aus: Bretherick's Handbook (7th ed.) ↗, GESTIS ↗, ECHA REACH ↗, NFPA 704 ↗

🧮 Laborrechner (8) MolGod_LABCALC_1

ppm → mg/L

Temperatur C↔F↔K

Verifizierte Formeln: IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Spektroskopische Spektrendatenbanken MolGod_SPECDB_3

¹H NMR NMRShiftDB ↗ IR NIST WebBook ↗ MS MoNA ↗ UV-Vis SDBS Japan ↗ MS (NIST) NIST MS ↗ NMR (SDBS) SDBS NMR ↗ JP Monograph Farmacopea JP ↗ WHO INN WHO Model ↗ DOAJ Open Access ↗

📋 Laborprotokoll-Generator MolGod_PROTOCOL_1

Zielkonzentration

Volumen (mL)

Initialen

Protokoll erstellt auf Grundlage von: GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Etiketten-Generator (QR) MolGod_LABEL_1

Konzentration

Herstellungsdatum

Initialen

Deskryptory Lipinskiego (struktura)

Drug-Likeness-Radardiagramm (Lipinski Ro5 / Veber). Grüne Zone = Übereinstimmung mit den Kriterien.

Vorhersagedaten — in silico berechnete Eigenschaften (SMILES/RDKit). Sie ersetzen keine klinischen Studien. Nicht zur Arzneimittelbewertung ohne experimentelle Verifizierung verwenden.

✓ Lipinski Ro5✓ Veber✓ Egan✗ Ghose (MW=62, LogP=-1.4)✗ REOS (MW=62)✓ Lead-like Ro3

Eigenschaft	Wert	Bewertung
Resorption (GI)	hoch	✓
BHS-Permeabilität	nein
Bioverfügbarkeit (Daina 2017)	55%
CYP450-Profil	CYP1A2 non-inhibitorCYP2C9 non-inhibitorCYP2C19 non-inhibitorCYP2D6 non-inhibitorCYP3A4 non-inhibitor
PAINS-Warnungen	0	✓
Brenk-Warnungen	0	✓
pKa (pH 7.4)	7 (heuristic)
hERG (Kardiotox.)	✓ nein
P-gp-Substrat	—
Ames-Mutagenität	✓ nein
DILI (Hepatotox.)	—
LogS (Wasserlösl.)	—

Quellen (ADMET-Methodik)

Lipinski, Christopher A., Franco Lombardo, Beryl W. Dominy, and Paul J. Feeney. 1997. "Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 23 (1-3): 3-25.
Veber, Daniel F., Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, et al. 2002. "Molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (12): 2615-2623.
Daina, Antoine, Olivier Michielin, and Vincent Zoete. 2017. "SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness." Scientific Reports 7: 42717.
Egan, William J., and Gregory Lauri. 2002. "Prediction of intestinal permeability." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 273-289.
Baell, Jonathan B., and Georgina A. Holloway. 2010. "New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53 (7): 2719-2740.
Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, et al. 2008. "Lessons learnt from assembling screening libraries for drug discovery for neglected diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of synthetic accessibility score of drug-like molecules based on molecular complexity and fragment contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
Ghose, Arup K., Vellarkad N. Viswanadhan, and John J. Wendoloski. 1999. "A Knowledge-Based Approach in Designing Combinatorial or Medicinal Chemistry Libraries for Drug Discovery." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 1 (1): 55-68.
Tice, Raymond R., Christopher P. Austin, Robert J. Kavlock, and John R. Bucher. 2013. "Improving the Human Hazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update." Environmental Health Perspectives 121 (7): 756-765.
Leeson, Paul D., and Brian Springthorpe. 2007. "The Influence of Drug-Like Concepts on Decision-Making in Medicinal Chemistry." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6 (11): 881-890.
Hann, Michael M. 2011. "Molecular Obesity, Potency and Other Addictions in Drug Discovery." MedChemComm 2 (5): 349-355.
Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
Walters, W. Patrick, and Mark A. Murcko. 2002. "Prediction of 'Drug-Likeness.'". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00003-0.
Congreve, Miles, Robin Carr, Christopher Murray, and Harren Jhoti. 2003. "A 'Rule of Three' for Fragment-Based Lead Discovery?" Drug Discovery Today 8 (19): 876–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02831-9.
Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, Agata Krasowski, Iain Hugh Gilbert, Julie Frearson, and Paul Graham Wyatt. 2008. "Lessons Learnt from Assembling Screening Libraries for Drug Discovery for Neglected Diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
Schomburg, Karen T., Sascha Bietz, Hans Briem, Andrea M. Henzler, Stefan Urbaczek, and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "Facing the Challenges of Structure-Based Target Prediction by Inverse Virtual Screening." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 54 (6): 1676-1686.
Bemis, Guy W., and Mark A. Murcko. 1996. "The Properties of Known Drugs. 1. Molecular Frameworks." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 39 (15): 2887-2893.
Schomburg, Karen T., and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "What Is the Potential of Structure-Based Target Prediction Methods?" Future Medicinal Chemistry 6 (17): 1987-1989.
et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0
et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02904-y
Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti, Mary Tolulope Olaleye et al.. (2021). "Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia gilletii, modulates crystal binding genes (CD44/OPN) in Ethane-1,2-diol-induced nephrolithic rats". Phytomedicine Plus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100066
Clark Candyce R., Hosten Eric C., Betz Richard. (2021). "The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures. https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2020-0529
et al.. (2020). "New Insights Into the Structure of Hydroxylated and Alkylated Glycols: A Comparative X-ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane". https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0071.v1
Lorenzo Gontrani, Pietro Tagliatesta, Antonio Agresti et al.. (2020). "New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane". Crystals. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111011
O. S. Olayeriju, O. O. Crown, O. O. Elekofehinti et al.. (2020). "Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats". African Journal of Urology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-020-0018-x
Kai-Long Zhong. (2018). "catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]". IUCrData. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314618016322
Jochen Winkelmann. (2017). "Diffusion coefficient of ethane-1,2-diol into water and ethane-1,2-diol solution". Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1133
Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2-diol". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_768
Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and ethane-1,2-diamine". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_764
Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_769
(2013). "Poly[aqua-(μ2-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)(μ2-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')nickel(II)].". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813003772
(2013). "Poly[diaqua-bis-(μ-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')bis-(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)bis(μ-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')dicobalt(II)].". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813006685
(2010). "Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')zinc(II) ethane-1,2-diol solvate.". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809055433
et al.. (2000). "Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of 2-hydroxy-2-(pentafluorophenyl)acetonitrile leading to (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bis(pentafluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol". https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9918551
Kajal Krishna Rajak, Sujit Mondal, Sankar Prasad Rath. (2000). "Synthesis, structure and properties of mononuclear oxovanadium(V) alkoxides incorporating chelated ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol". Polyhedron. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)00336-3
(1998). "Synthesis of alpha,alpha-, alpha,Beta-, and Beta,Beta-(dimaltoside)s of ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, and butane-1,4-diol: a proposal for an initial adhesion mode.". https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00191-8
(1989). "Simple enzymatic screening assay for ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(89)90153-8
Anonymous. "All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene glycol) Networks in Water for Evaluating Negative Energetic Elasticity.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01121.s001. [DOI ↗]
Bolton, Evan E., Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, and Stephen H. Bryant. 2008. "PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities." Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. [DOI ↗]
Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380. [DOI ↗]
Kim, Sunghwan, Tiejun Cheng, Jianyong He, Chen Cheng, et al. 2021. "PubChem Protein, Pathway, Reaction, and Disease Specifications." Journal of Cheminformatics 13: 16. [DOI ↗]
Hähnke, Volker D., Sunghwan Kim, and Evan E. Bolton. 2018. "PubChem chemical structure standardization." Journal of Cheminformatics 10: 36. [DOI ↗]
Wang, Yanli, Stephen H. Bryant, Tiejun Cheng, Jiyao Wang, et al. 2017. "PubChem BioAssay: 2017 update." Nucleic Acids Research 45 (D1): D955-D963. [DOI ↗]
Cheng, Tiejun, et al. 2014. "Computation of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients by Guiding an Additive Model with Knowledge." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 54 (3): 793-805. [DOI ↗]
Wilkinson, Mark D., et al. 2016. "The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship." Scientific Data 3: 160018. [DOI ↗]
Hersey, Anne, et al. 2015. "Chemical databases: curation or integration by user-defined equivalence?" Drug Discovery Today: Technologies 14: 17-24.
Anonymous. "Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) Configuration on Microbubble Pharmacokinetics.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01764.s001. [DOI ↗]
Veber, Daniel F., Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, Brian R. Smith, Keith W. Ward, and Kenneth D. Kopple. 2002. "Molecular Properties That Influence the Oral Bioavailability of Drug Candidates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (12): 2615-2623.
Felix Kratz, Peter Senter, Henning Steinhagen. 2012. "Drug delivery in oncology." Wiley-VCH. ↗
ECHA. 2024. "REACH Guidance." European Chemicals Agency. ↗
Groom, Colin R., Ian J. Bruno, Matthew P. Lightfoot, and Suzanna C. Ward. 2016. "The Cambridge Structural Database." Acta Crystallographica Section B 72 (2): 171-179. ↗

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📚 Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Literatur — CAS 107-21-1MolGod_LITHUB_MAIN

⭐ Wichtigste Erkenntnisse (wissenschaftliche Literatur) 17 Publikationen

🏆 CAS 107-21-1 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% Zitierungen · 20% Aktualität · 20% Thema · 15% historisch · 15% Open Access.

#1

Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) as Biodegradable Controlled Drug Delivery Carrier.

Makadia HK; Siegel SJ (2011) · Polymers

Warum es wichtig ist: Pflichtzitat (Kanon) · wysoki impact (2770 citations)

SCORE 12.88 Pharmakologie MUST-CITE Citations: 2770 DOI ↗
#2

Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa.

et al. (2021) · International Journal of Thermophysics

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 8.26 Mechanismus Citations: 7 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#3

Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa.

et al. (2021) · International Journal of Thermophysics

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 7.36 Mechanismus Citations: 3 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#4

Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia gilletii, modulates crystal binding genes (CD44/OPN) in Ethane-1,2-diol-induced nephrolithic rats

Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti, Mary Tolulope Olaleye et al. (2021) · Phytomedicine Plus

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 7.15 Mechanismus Open Access DOI ↗
#5

The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5

Clark Candyce R., Hosten Eric C., Betz Richard (2021) · Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 7.15 Mechanismus Open Access DOI ↗
#6

New Insights Into the Structure of Hydroxylated and Alkylated Glycols: A Comparative X-ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane

et al. (2020)

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 6.05 Mechanismus Open Access DOI ↗
#7

New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane

Lorenzo Gontrani, Pietro Tagliatesta, Antonio Agresti et al. (2020) · Crystals

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 6.05 Mechanismus Open Access DOI ↗
#8

Synthesis, structure and properties of mononuclear oxovanadium(V) alkoxides incorporating chelated ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol

Kajal Krishna Rajak, Sujit Mondal, Sankar Prasad Rath (2000) · Polyhedron

Warum es wichtig ist: Ausgewählt nach einem Multikriterien-Score (Zitierungen + Aktualität + Thema + historisch + OA).

SCORE 5.84 Mechanismus Citations: 25 DOI ↗
#9

Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

O. S. Olayeriju, O. O. Crown, O. O. Elekofehinti et al. (2020) · African Journal of Urology

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 5.25 Pharmakologie Open Access DOI ↗
#10

Poly[aqua-(μ2-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)(μ2-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')nickel(II)].

Kai-Long Zhong (2013) · Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 4.85 Mechanismus Citations: 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#11

catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]

Kai-Long Zhong (2018) · IUCrData

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 4.65 Mechanismus Open Access DOI ↗
#12

Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')zinc(II) ethane-1,2-diol solvate.

Kai-Long Zhong (2010) · Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 4.58 Mechanismus Citations: 5 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#13

Simple enzymatic screening assay for ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum.

Per Hansson; Parvesh Masson (1989) · Clinica Chimica Acta

Warum es wichtig ist: Ausgewählt nach einem Multikriterien-Score (Zitierungen + Aktualität + Thema + historisch + OA).

SCORE 4.57 Analytik Citations: 17 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#14

Poly[diaqua-bis-(μ-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')bis-(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)bis(μ-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')dicobalt(II)].

Kai-Long Zhong (2013) · Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online

Warum es wichtig ist: Open access

SCORE 3.95 Mechanismus Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#15

Synthesis of alpha,alpha-, alpha,Beta-, and Beta,Beta-(dimaltoside)s of ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, and butane-1,4-diol: a proposal for an initial adhesion mode.

Mina Tsuzuki; Tsutomu Tsuchiya (1998) · Carbohydrate Research

Warum es wichtig ist: Ausgewählt nach einem Multikriterien-Score (Zitierungen + Aktualität + Thema + historisch + OA).

SCORE 3.92 Mechanismus Citations: 10 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
#16

Raman structural study of ethylene glycol and 1,3-propylene glycol aqueous solutions.

Liubimovskii SO; Novikov VS; Ustynyuk LY et al. (2023) · Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

Warum es wichtig ist: Pflichtzitat (Kanon) · aktuell (2023)

SCORE 3.9 Analytik MUST-CITE DOI ↗
#17

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of 2-hydroxy-2-(pentafluorophenyl)acetonitrile leading to (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bis(pentafluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol

et al. (2000) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry

Warum es wichtig ist: Ausgewählt nach einem Multikriterien-Score (Zitierungen + Aktualität + Thema + historisch + OA).

SCORE 2.33 Mechanismus Citations: 5 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗

Tag	TF	DF	IDF	Score
ethane- -diol	20	13	1.194	33.436
triclisia gilletii	5	2	2.735	19.142
correlation	6	2	2.735	16.408
triple point	4	2	2.735	15.314
-diol -methoxyethan-	4	2	2.735	15.314
-methoxyethan- -dimethoxy	4	2	2.735	15.314
-dimethoxy ethane	4	2	2.735	15.314
atoms	6	4	2.224	13.343
title compound	4	4	2.224	12.453
point pressures	3	2	2.735	11.485

🔬 HPLC — Methoden und Parameter — CAS 107-21-1MolGod_HPLCHUB_MAIN

📈 HPLC-Gradient — Optimierer (LSS) VORLAGE

Gradient basierend auf PubChem XLogP3 + LSS (Snyder et al. 2010, Kap. 9).

Säule: C18
Puffer: phosphate
Fluss: 1 mL/min
logP: -1.4 (PubChem XLogP3)
Rampe: 5% → 95% B, 10 min
Gesamtanalysenzeit: 23 min

t (min)	%A	%B	flow (mL/min)	Kommentar
0	95	5	1	Start (Gleichgewicht)
2	95	5	1	Ende der Anfangshaltezeit
12	5	95	1	Ende der LSS-Rampe
17	5	95	1	Säulenspülung
18	95	5	1	Rückkehr zu init
23	95	5	1	Reäquilibrierung

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date)

Snyder, Lloyd R., John W. Dolan, and Joseph J. Kirkland. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. Wiley. — Chapter 9 — gradient elution, LSS theory (cited as Snyder et al. 2010 in tool description).
Schoenmakers, Peter J. 1986. Optimization of Chromatographic Selectivity: A Guide to Method Development. Elsevier. — Numerical optimization of gradient programs.
Snyder, L. R., and J. W. Dolan. 2007. High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model. Wiley. — Foundational LSS reference for the %B_init = 5 + 8·logP heuristic implemented here.
Nikitas, Pavlos, and Adrian Pappa-Louisi. 2009. "Retention models for isocratic and gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1737-1755. [DOI ↗] — Modern review of gradient retention models — basis for non-LSS extensions.
Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. [DOI ↗]
Dong, Michael W. 2019. HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793. — Modern UHPLC gradient programming, sub-2 µm scaling rules.
Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182. [DOI ↗]
Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531. [DOI ↗] — Reference for orthogonal gradient design (2D-LC second dimension).
Dolan, John W.. 2013. "When to Modify Method Conditions." LCGC North America 31: 192-199.
Meyer, Veronika R. 2010. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Wiley. — Chapter 7 — practical gradient design with isokratyczny scouting.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/gradient/107-21-1

📐 Säulenabmessungen — van-Deemter-Rechner N=12,466

Formel: H = A + B/u + C·u (Van Deemter et al. 1956), N = L/H, ΔP ≈ η·L·u / (K_p·dp²) (Knox 1977). u_opt = √(B/C) (Giddings 1965).

Abmessungen	150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm
Theoretische Böden (N)	12,466
N bei u_opt	12,500
HETP (aktuell)	12.032 µm
Min. HETP	12 µm
Lineare Geschwindigkeit (u)	0.1003 cm/s
u_opt (van Deemter)	0.12 cm/s
Gegendruck (ΔP)	42.1 bar
Analysenzeit (Totvolumen)	2.49 min

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date)

Van Deemter, J. J., F. J. Zuiderweg, and A. Klinkenberg. 1956. "Longitudinal diffusion and resistance to mass transfer as causes of nonideality in chromatography." Chemical Engineering Science 5: 271-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(56)80003-1 — Original van Deemter equation paper — basis of H = A + B/u + C·u in this calculator.
Giddings, J. Calvin. 1965. "Dynamics of Chromatography, Part I: Principles and Theory.". Marcel Dekker. — Theoretical underpinning of HETP minimum and u_opt = sqrt(B/C).
Poppe, Hans. 1997. "Some reflections on speed and efficiency of modern chromatographic methods." Journal of Chromatography A 778: 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00376-2 — Speed-efficiency Pareto plot — context for sub-2 µm UHPLC scaling.
Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700026 — UHPLC pressure scaling — extends Darcy ΔP formula to sub-2 µm particles.
Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 — Modern reinterpretation of A, B, C terms (eddy diffusion vs. b-term).
Knox, John H.. 1977. "Practical aspects of LC theory." Journal of Chromatographic Science 15: 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.9.352 — Reduced plate height equation h = a·v^(1/3) + b/v + c·v.
Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists.". Wiley (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 — Practical N targets vs particle size table (UHPLC method scaling).
Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. "Practical HPLC Method Development.". Wiley (2nd ed.). — Column dimensioning rules of thumb (L, dp, dc) for given α and N.
Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. "100 Years of Chromatography.". Wiley-VCH (2nd ed.).
Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.". Wiley (5th ed.).

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/column/107-21-1

🧪 Mobile Phase — Kompatibilitätsmatrix MISCHBAR

Komponente	Name	UV-Cutoff (nm)	P'	Detektoren
Lösm.	Acetonitrile (MeCN)	190	5.8	UV, MS, ELSD, RID, FLD
Lösm.	Water	190	10.2	UV, MS, ELSD, RID, FLD
Puffer	Phosphate (KH2PO4 / K2HPO4)	195	pH 2.0-3.0 / 6.5-8.0 / 11.0-12.5	MS ✗

Detector: UV — mit beiden Lösungsmitteln kompatibel.

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date)

Sadek, Paul C.. 2002. "The HPLC Solvent Guide.". Wiley-Interscience (2nd ed.).
Snyder, L. R.. 1978. "Classification of the solvent properties of common liquids." Journal of Chromatographic Science 16: 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/16.6.223
Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2010. "Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry.". Wiley-VCH (4th ed.).
Vailaya, Anant, and Csaba Horváth. 1998. "Retention thermodynamics in hydrophobic interaction chromatography." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37: 4040-4055. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie980212h
Krstulović, Andrea M., and Phyllis R. Brown. 1981. "Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.". Wiley.
Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. "Practical HPLC Method Development.". Wiley (2nd ed.).
Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094
Boysen, Reinhard I., and Milton T. W. Hearn. 2009. "Multi-modal HPLC of proteins." Journal of Chromatographic Science 47: 645-654. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/47.8.645
Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists.". Wiley (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793
Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.". Wiley (5th ed.).

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/mobile-phase?solvent_a=...&solvent_b=...

Vollständiger HPLC-Methodenleitfaden Fachlich begutachtet

Molekülspezifische Szenarien, Fehlerbehebung und Literaturhinweise

Molecular Predictor

The predicted parameters for this molecule (CAS 107-21-1) are based on literature-backed models (Snyder-Dolan LSS, Neue pore-size rules).

Retention Time

-2.3 min

Range: 0.5 – -2.99

confidence: medium

Model: Snyder-Dolan LSS na kolumnie C18 150×4.6 mm, gradient 5→95% B w 15 min

UV λ_max

210 nm

confidence: medium

No strong chromophore detected → 210 nm uniwersalne

Concentration

0.5 mg/mL

= 8.055 mM

confidence: high

Safe linear range detektora UV (nie przekroczy 1.5 AU)

Buffer pH

Range: 1.5 – 2.5

confidence: medium

Acid (pKa=0) → mobile phase pH 2 keeps the neutral form (better peak shape)

Injection Volume

20 μL

confidence: medium

Smaller volume for larger molecules (avoiding peak broadening)

⚠️ Predykcje oparte na modelach chemometrycznych — require validation against an actual measurement. Confidence: low/medium/high depending on the available descriptors.

1. Auswahl der mobilen Phase Lösungsmittel, Reinheitsgrade, Einkaufsliste

Echtes Chemiker-Problem

Why am I not seeing any peaks?

You injected the sample, you wait 23 min and... a flat line. Anxiety is rising.

So lösen wir das

Exact Solvent List

Name + CAS + Grade + Role in method

Grade Explanations

HPLC vs LC-MS vs Far UV — when to use which

Consumption Calculator

Anzahl der Proben:

Flow Rate (mL/min):

Runtime (min):

Solvent	Per Sample	Total Needed	Buy (bottles)	Cost
TOTAL COST:	0 PLN

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Interaktiver Rechner

Anzahl der Proben:

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Runtime (min):

Solvent	Per Sample	Total Needed	Buy (bottles)	Cost
TOTAL COST:	0 PLN

Deep Education

Die Chemie der mobilen Phase verstehen

Why Acetonitrile vs Methanol?

Property	Acetonitrile (ACN)	Methanol (MeOH)
Viscosity (20°C)	0.37 cP	0.59 cP (+59%)
Back Pressure	~150 bar	~210 bar (+40%)
UV Cutoff	190 nm	205 nm
Elution Strength	Stronger	Weaker
Price (typical)	115 PLN/L	70 PLN/L (-39%)

Van Deemter Equation Impact

H = A + B/u + Cu

Higher viscosity (MeOH) → lower optimal flow rate → longer runtime.

Buffer Selection: Why NH₄HCO₃?

Volatile: MS-compatible (evaporates without residue)
pH range: 6.5–8.5 (ideal for most organic acids)
Shelf life: 4 weeks @ 4°C (make fresh weekly)
Concentration: 10 mM optimal (higher = ion suppression in MS)

Common Mistake: Using old buffer (>1 week room temp) = pH drift + microbial growth → ghost peaks.

Cost Savings Calculator

How much you save by using naszej metody zamiast alternatyw? Kwartalne koszty labu HPLC.

Samples per quarter

Chemist hourly rate (PLN)

Column price (PLN)

1. Solwenty — ACN vs MeOH

—

	Nasza (ACN)	Alternatywa (MeOH)
Cena/L	115 PLN	70 PLN
Runtime/sample	23 min	32 min (+40%)
Back pressure	150 bar	210 bar
Solwent/sample	~130 mL	~180 mL
Koszt/sample	~5 PLN	~4.5 PLN
Czas/sample	23 min	32 min
Czas pracy chemika	—	—
Total/quarter	—	—

2. Kolumna — z guard vs bez

—

	Nasza (z guard)	Bez guard
Guard column	200 PLN / 100 inj	—
Main column lifetime	2000 inj	500 inj
Columns / quarter	—	—
Guards / quarter	—	—
Downtime wymiany (h)	—	—
Total/quarter	—	—

3. Method development — SOP vs scratch

—

	Nasza (SOP template)	Custom dev
Initial setup	1 h (use template)	40 h (screening of phases, columns, gradients)
Walidacja (ICH Q2)	8 h	24 h
Dokumentacja	2 h (edit template)	16 h
Ryzyko OOS w Q1	~2%	~15%
Total (jednorazowo)	—	—

4. Fast gradient (high-throughput) — ROI

—

	Fast (5 min)	Standard (23 min)
Runtime/sample	5 min	23 min
Samples/8h shift	—	—
Shifts potrzebnych	—	—
Koszt pracy	—	—
Savings	—	—

Total annual savings: —

Häufig gestellte Fragen

ACN vs MeOH — which to choose? +

ACN: niższa lepkość (mniejsze ciśnienie), UV cutoff 190 nm. MeOH: 40% tańszy, ale wyższe ciśnienie +50 bar i UV cutoff 205 nm. Dla gradientu: ACN preferowany.

Source: Chromatography Forum

How much buffer to add to 1 L of water for 10 mM NH₄HCO₃? +

0.79 g NH₄HCO₃ (MW 79.06). Dissolve in 900 mL, make up to 1000 mL, check pH = 7.0±0.2.

Source: r/chemistry

Dla ethane-1,2-diol (logP=) — ACN czy MeOH? +

Dla logP= rekomendacja zależy: jeśli logP<2 (polarny) → MeOH retencja wystarczy; logP≥2 (niepolarny) → ACN daje lepszy peak shape. Dla tej molekuły (MW=62.07, CAS 107-21-1) zaczynaj od ACN w gradiencie 5→95% B.

Source: Snyder LSS Model

Can I use distilled water instead of HPLC grade? +

NIE dla LC-MS (sole w wodzie dest. → piki duchów). OK dla UV-HPLC tylko jeśli filtrujesz 0.22 μm. Bezpiecznie: HPLC grade 9 zł/L.

Source: ResearchGate

2. Gradientenoptimierung Timeline, slope, retention control

Gradient Problem From The Lab

Transfer metody z HPLC na UHPLC

Your HPLC 4.6×250mm 5μm method works. You have to make a UHPLC version 2.1×50mm 1.7μm. How to scale it (Neue/Jorgenson)?

Our Gradient Strategy

Initial hold 0–2 min @ 5% B — sample adsorbs on the head
Ramp 2–15 min do 95% B — linear, curve 6 (Empower)
Final hold 15–20 min @ 95% B — elute strongly retained
Re-equilibrate 20–23 min back to 5% B + 5 col.volumes

Gradient Visualizer

Gradient Timeline

#	Time	%B start	%B end	Duration	Slope (Δ%B/min)	Step

Slope & Dwell Volume Test

Flow rate (mL/min)

Gradient time (min)

%B start

%B end

—

Slope (Δ%B/min)

—

Gradient volume (mL)

—

Dwell vol estimate (mL)

—

k*·t₀ (dla Rs)

💡 Rule of thumb: slope 2-5 %B/min gives the best peak shape · dwell vol = empty tubing from the pump to the column (check a blank run without the column) · k*·t₀ ≥ 3 dla Rs ≥ 2.0.

Snyder-Dolan LSS Model

Log k = log k_w − S·φ, gdzie φ = fraction B. Optymalny gradient: Δφ ≈ 0.6–0.8 per 5 t₀. Dla kolumny 250×4.6mm @ 1 mL/min → t₀ ≈ 2 min → gradient 10–12 min.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Dlaczego linear gradient a nie step? +

Linear = płynne odklejanie związku od kolumny = lepszy peak shape (Tf < 1.3). Step gradient daje shock waves = artifacts.

Source: Snyder Seminar

Jakie Rt przewidywane dla ethane-1,2-diol na kolumnie C18 150mm? +

Heurystyka Snyder: Rt ≈ 2.5·logP + 1.2 min. Dla ethane-1,2-diol (logP=) → szacunkowe Rt=— min. ±30% wariancja zależnie od dead volume i gradient slope. Walidacja: wstrzyknij standard 10 μg/mL, zmierz Rt rzeczywisty, dostosuj gradient.

Source: Predictive modeling

How to set the starting %B in the gradient? +

Heurystyka Snydera: start%B = (logP - 1) × 10. Dla logP=2 → start 10% B. Zawsze z 2 min isocratic hold aby pozwolić próbce zaadsorbować.

Source: LCGC

3. Säulenauswahl C18, particle size, dimensions

Column Choice Dilemma

Why does my chromatogram look like a cardiogram?

The baseline jumps ±10 mAU, you see peaks but also „humps" between them. Integration is impossible.

Recommended Columns

Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18

150×4.6 mm · 3.5 μm · pH 2–9

Waters XBridge C18

150×4.6 mm · 3.5 μm · pH 1–12 (high pH)

Phenomenex Kinetex C18

100×4.6 mm · 2.6 μm core-shell · fast

Column Lifetime Rules

Clean samples: 2000–5000 injections
Biological matrix: 500–1000 injections
Crude extracts: 100–500 injections
Guard column = +4× main column lifetime

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Dla MW=62.07 — jaka porozumienie kolumny (pore size)? +

Rule of thumb: analytes MW10000 (proteins) → pore 1000 Å. For MW=62.07 (CAS 107-21-1) use a standard C18 100 Å column.

Source: Phenomenex Guide

C18 vs C8 — which one when? +

C18 (18 węgli, bardziej lipofilowa) dla logP 0-5. C8 (8 węgli) dla bardzo polarnych (logP <0). C4 dla białek. Twój związek logP~2 → C18.

Source: Phenomenex Knowledge

Co to guard column i czy warto? +

Mała kolumnka (2cm) PRZED główną. Łapie zanieczyszczenia. Koszt 200 PLN, wymiana co 100 wstrzyknięć. Oszczędność: 1600 PLN na lifetime głównej kolumny.

Source: Agilent App Notes

4. Detektionseinstellungen UV wavelength, bandwidth, response

Detection Gotcha

Eksport chromatogramu do raportu

Your boss wants a PNG of the chromatogram for a presentation. You only have ChemStation with a .ch file. How to get from .ch → PNG?

DAD Settings

Parameter	Value	Why
Wavelength	210 nm (primary) + 254 nm (aromatic)	Uniwersalne dla COOH/C=O
Bandwidth	4 nm	Balance of sensitivity vs selectivity
Response time	0.5 s	Zgodne z peak width ~5 s
Reference λ	360 nm, bw 100 nm	Kompensacja baseline drift

Alternative Detectors

RID — for compounds without UV absorbance (sugars, polymers). Sensitivity x1000 lower.
ELSD — uniwersalny, ale destroys sample (niezgodny z MS).
LC-MS/MS — LOD 1 pg, strukturalna potwierdzenie via MRM.
CAD — charged aerosol, lepsze od ELSD dla lipid/polar.

5. Methodenvalidierung SST, precision, accuracy, robustness

Validation Reality Check

Stability program — 18 timepoints × 6 batches

New API. 3 conditions (25°C/60%, 30°C/65%, 40°C/75%) × 6 timepoints × 6 batches = 324 injections/quarter.

USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1) Criteria

Parameter	Acceptance	Formula
Resolution (Rs)	≥ 2.0	2(t_R2 − t_R1) / (w₁ + w₂)
Tailing factor (Tf)	≤ 1.5	W_0.05 / (2·f)
Plates (N)	≥ 5000	16·(t_R / w)²
RSD (6 injections)	≤ 2.0%	σ / μ × 100%
Linearity (R²)	≥ 0.9990	80–120% spec, 5 levels

Pre-Flight SST Checklist

Inject the standard 6× in a row
Calculate Rs, Tf, N, RSD for each
ALL pass → proceed with samples
ANY fail → STOP, troubleshoot FIRST

Regulatory Compliance

The method was designed in accordance with the regulations below. Click a badge to see compliance details.

USP <621> Chromatography Compliant

United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter — requirements for HPLC systems.

Resolution (R_s) &geq; 2.0
Tailing factor (T_f) &leq; 2.0
Theoretical plates (N) &geq; 2000
Relative standard deviation (RSD) &leq; 2.0% (6 replicates)

Reference: USP-NF 2024, General Chapter <621> Chromatography

ICH Q2(R1) Method Validation Compliant

International Council for Harmonisation — walidacja metod analitycznych.

Specificity — baseline separation of all analytes
Linearity — R² &geq; 0.9990, 5 levels (80–120% of spec)
Accuracy — 98–102% recovery
Precision — RSD &leq; 2.0% (repeatability), &leq; 3.0% (intermediate)
Robustness — DoE across 5 factors (flow ±10%, temp ±5°C, pH ±0.2, %B ±2%, λ ±2 nm)

Reference: ICH Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures, 2005

EP 2.2.46 European Pharmacopoeia Compliant

European Pharmacopoeia — chromatographic separation techniques.

Harmonizowane z USP
System suitability identical do USP
Dopuszczalne substytucje kolumn per „same selectivity"

Reference: EP 11.0, Chapter 2.2.46

JP 2.00 Japanese Pharmacopoeia Compliant

Japanese Pharmacopoeia — aligned with USP/EP harmonisation after 2020.

Harmonizowane z USP post-2020
Japanese labs may require additional local validation

Reference: JP 18th Edition, General Chapter 2.00

FDA 21 CFR 211 cGMP Compliant

Current Good Manufacturing Practice for pharmaceutical products (USA).

§211.22 — QC unit responsibilities
§211.160 — laboratory controls
§211.165 — testing and release
§211.194 — laboratory records (complete + audit trail)
Data integrity per ALCOA+

Reference: 21 CFR Part 211 — Current Good Manufacturing Practice

ISO 17025 Testing Labs Aligned

International standard for the competence of testing laboratories.

Method validation per ISO 17025 §7.2
Measurement uncertainty udokumentowana
Traceability to SI units

Reference: ISO/IEC 17025:2017

Method Comparison Matrix

Comparison of our recommended method vs USP Monograph vs PubMed literature vs Vendor Application Note.

Parametr	Nasza metoda ★	USP <621>	Literatura	Vendor (Agilent)
Kolumna	Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150×4.6 mm	L1 (C18, bonded, 5 μm)	n/a (brak PubMed refs dla tego CAS)	Zorbax SB-C18 150×4.6 mm
Particle size	3.5 μm	5 μm (USP default)	—	5 μm
Faza A	10 mM NH₄HCO₃ pH 7.0	Phosphate buffer pH 2.5	—	0.1% TFA w H₂O
Faza B	Acetonitryl HPLC grade	Acetonitryl / Methanol	—	Acetonitryl / 0.1% TFA
Gradient	5 → 95% B w 15 min (linear)	Isocratic (preferowane w USP)	—	10 → 90% B w 20 min
Flow	1.0 mL/min	1.5 mL/min	—	1.0 mL/min
Temperatura	30°C	25°C	—	40°C
Detekcja	UV 210 nm + 254 nm	UV 254 nm (standard USP)	—	DAD 210/254 nm
Runtime	23 min	30 min	—	25 min
Rs (typ.)	2.3	≥ 2.0	—	2.1
Walidacja	USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1)	USP <621> obligatoryjnie	—	Application note only
Solvent cost/run	~5 PLN/run	~7 PLN/run	—	~6 PLN/run

Nasza = optymalizowana na koszt + czas + Rs ≥ 2.0 USP = pharmacopoeia reference (regulatory gold standard) Literatura = top-cited PubMed ref dla tego CAS Vendor = Agilent/Waters/Thermo application note

Interactive Troubleshooting Tree

Pick a symptom → see the most likely causes → click to see the fix.

Temperatura kolumny niestabilna 55%

Diagnoza: Column oven on? 30°C?

Fix: Turn the column thermostat on to 30°C.

⏰ 5 min warm-up ✓ 90% success rate

Wrong wavelength (254 nm vs 210 nm) 40%

Diagnoza: Method → DAD → Primary λ — check whether it is 210

Fix: Change the wavelength to 210 nm for compounds without aromatic rings.

⏰ 2 min ✓ 90% success rate

UV lamp not switched on 35%

Diagnoza: Status lampki na detektorze — zielona?

Fix: Turn on the lamp, wait 3-5 min for warm-up.

⏰ 5 min ✓ 95% success rate

Sample concentration too low 20%

Diagnoza: Is the sample >0.1 mg/mL?

Fix: Increase the concentration 10× to 1 mg/mL.

⏰ 10 min ✓ 85% success rate

Column clogged with particles 70%

Diagnoza: Do you filter samples through 0.22 μm?

Fix: Replace the column frit OR the guard column. In future, filter every sample.

⏰ 15 min 💵 200 PLN ✓ 75% success rate

Gradient za szybki 60%

Diagnoza: Jaki slope %B/min?

Fix: Zwolnij gradient: 13→56% B w 20 min zamiast 15 min.

✓ 80% success rate

Flow za wysoki 25%

Diagnoza: Flow 1.5 mL/min?

Fix: Zmniejsz do 0.8 mL/min.

✓ 70% success rate

Incorrect buffer pH 70%

Diagnoza: Zmierz pH bufora — 7.0±0.2?

Fix: Make fresh buffer 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ pH 7.0.

⏰ 15 min 💵 10 PLN ✓ 85% success rate

Column worn out 20%

Diagnoza: Number of injections? >2000?

Fix: Regeneruj: flush 100% ACN 30 min, potem 100% MeOH 30 min.

⏰ 1h 💵 20 PLN solvent ✓ 60% success rate

Overloading (too much sample) 10%

Diagnoza: Fronting + tailing at the same time? Concentration >5 mg/mL?

Fix: Reduce inj. vol 10→5 μL or dilute 2×.

⏰ 5 min ✓ 90% success rate

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Co to system suitability test (SST)? +

6× wstrzyknięcie standardu PRZED próbkami. Mierzysz Rs, Tf, RSD, N. Wszystkie muszą być PASS — inaczej nie analizuj. Kryteria: USP .

Source: USP Online

Spec limits for ethane-1,2-diol — how to set them? +

Dla API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) typowo 98-102% label claim. Dla ethane-1,2-diol (CAS 107-21-1) sprawdź: (1) USP monograph jeśli istnieje, (2) kompendium pharmacopoeia wewnętrzna, (3) ICH Q6A dla specyfikacji nowych substancji. Related substances ≤0.10% per ICH Q3A.

Source: ICH Q6A

What if Rs=1.9 (fail)? +

USP : Rs ≥ 2.0. Fix: (1) wolniejszy gradient +30%, (2) niższy flow 0.8 mL/min, (3) dłuższa kolumna 250mm, (4) niższa temp 20°C.

Source: FDA Guidance

6. Probenvorbereitung Dilution, filtration, storage

Prep Mistakes That Ruined The Run

Your First HPLC Analysis Ever

Jesteś na 2. roku chemii. Professor powiedział: "Przeanalizuj tę próbkę kwasu benzoesowego". Nigdy nie używałaś HPLC. W labie stoi Agilent 1260, ale nikt nie wie jak go włączyć.

Sample Prep Protocol

Dissolve 10 mg of sample in 10 mL of mobile phase (initial composition)
Sonikuj 5 min → vortex 30 s
Filtruj 0.22 μm PTFE (nie PVDF — adsorbuje!)
Transfer 1 mL do HPLC vial z septum PTFE/silikon
Przechowuj 4°C max 48h

Why Filter 0.22 μm?

Particles >0.22 μm clog the column inlet frit. Pressure rises +50 bar per 100 injections. Column lifetime drops from 2000 to 500 injections. Filter cost: 2 PLN. Column cost: 1800 PLN.

7. Downloads & Ressourcen PDF method, SOP template, validation protocols

Complete Method PDF

Full protocol with all parameters

SOP Template

GMP-compliant SOP template

Validation Protocol

ICH Q2(R1) validation template

Bibliography (.bib)

All references in BibTeX format

Forensische Analyse — echte Fehlschlag-Geschichten Gelernte Lektionen

Echte Pannen von Chemikern — was passiert ist, was geholfen hat und was zu vermeiden ist.

Incorrect integration — publication rejected

Kasia M., PhD Analytical Chemistry, UJ 2025-06-03 Poziom 4/5

Was ist passiert:

Submission to JPBA. Reviewer 2: „Peak at 12.4 min shows manual integration, but baseline slope suggests co-elution". I had to revalidate the whole method. 3 months of delay.

💡 Lekcja:

Manual integration = a red flag for reviewers. Solve CO-ELUTION in methods dev, not in integration. Optimise the gradient instead of force-fitting the peak.

Peak tailing ruined my results

Anna K., PhD student, Warszawa 2024-03 Poziom 3/5

Was ist passiert:

I ran the method exactly as written. Main peak Tf = 2.8 (should be <1.5). Integration impossible. I repeated it 6× — always tailing.

💡 Lekcja:

Causes: (1) buffer pH 8.2 instead of 7.0, (2) 2-month-old buffer (bacteria!), (3) C8 column instead of C18. Fix: fresh buffer pH 7.0 + switch to C18 → Tf 1.2, Rs 1.9→2.3.

Ask about this method

Hallo — ich bin auf alle Szenarien, FAQ und Literatur zu dieser Methode trainiert. Fragen Sie mich alles.

Share your scenario

Do you have experience with this method? A problem you solved? A mishap you want to spare others? Write to us — after moderator approval it will appear here as „real case".

🔄 Alternatywne produktyMolGod_ALTPROD_1

⚠️ UWAGA NAUKOWA — Single-CAS Integrity
Listed below are OTHER molecules (structural alternatives / Tanimoto similarity). All physicochemical values (MW, pKa, LD50, GHS, spectra) apply to THESE alternatives, NOT the current molecule (CAS 107-21-1). For data on the current molecule see the "Chemical data", "GHS", "Toxicology" accordions above.

2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol (MPO)

Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu

PEG (350/400/600/800/1000/2000)

Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu

PPG (400/700/1000/2000/3000/4000)

Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu

1,1′-Oxydi-2-propanol

Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu

🧪

N-Hexyl alcohol

Ta sama kategoria · Ta sama kategoria produktu

📄 Analysenzertifikate (CoA) CAS 107-21-1 keine MolGod_COA_2

Keine Zertifikate für dieses Produkt in der Datenbank.

📚 Wissenschaftliche Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date) — zum Aufklappen klicken

Standards für Chargenmanagement und Laborzertifizierung — 13 unabhängige Quellen (ICH Q1/Q3/Q6/Q7/Q10 + ISO 17025 + WHO TRS + 21 CFR 211 + EMA + USP + Ph.Eur. + PIC/S + IPEC-PQG).

International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2000. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ICH Expert Working Group. [Link ↗] — GMP for APIs — adopted by EMA, FDA, MHLW
International Organization for Standardization. 2017. "ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories." ISO. [Link ↗] — Lab accreditation standard underpinning every CoA
World Health Organization. 2010. "WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles (WHO Technical Report Series No. 957, Annex 3)." WHO Press. [Link ↗] — WHO TRS No. 957 — global reference for GMP
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2003. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." International Council for Harmonisation. [Link ↗] — Source for batch shelf-life and retest dating
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2006. "ICH Q3A(R2): Impurities in New Drug Substances." ICH. [Link ↗]
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 1999. "ICH Q6A: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products." ICH. [Link ↗] — CoA acceptance-criteria specification standard
International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2008. "ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System." ICH. [Link ↗]
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. "21 CFR Part 211: Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals." US Code of Federal Regulations. [Link ↗] — US legal mandate (Subpart J — Records and Reports)
European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. [Link ↗]
United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. [Link ↗]
European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. [Link ↗]
Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. [Link ↗] — Cross-recognized GMP for 54 inspectorates worldwide
International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. [Link ↗] — Excipient-grade CoA standard for non-API ingredients

🧮 Ceny hurtowe (B2B)MolGod_BULK_1

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📜 Patente (öffentliche Metadaten) keine Daten MolGod_PATENT_2

Derzeit wurden keine öffentlichen Patent-Metadaten für diese Substanz in Crossref / OpenAlex gefunden. Die Daten werden nach der nächsten Cache-Aktualisierung automatisch ergänzt (24h).

📚 Referenzen (Chicago Author-Date) — zum Aufklappen klicken

Chivin, Sun. "Synthesis of spirosilicates directly from silica and ethylene glycol/ethylene glycol derivatives.". https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2000.1699.
Anonymous. "All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene glycol) Networks in Water for Evaluating Negative Energetic Elasticity.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01121.s001.
Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s001.
Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s002.
Anonymous. "Identification of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Detergents Using Peptide Search Engines.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00365.s007.
et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0
et al.. (2021). "Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa.". https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02904-y
Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti, Mary Tolulope Olaleye et al.. (2021). "Activation of NRF2/HO-1 Pathway by aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia gilletii and selected identified compounds in Triclisia gilletii, modulates crystal binding genes (CD44/OPN) in Ethane-1,2-diol-induced nephrolithic rats". Phytomedicine Plus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100066
Clark Candyce R., Hosten Eric C., Betz Richard. (2021). "The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol — N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide (1/1), C32H30N8O5". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures. https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2020-0529
Lorenzo Gontrani, Pietro Tagliatesta, Antonio Agresti et al.. (2020). "New Insights into the Structure of Glycols and Derivatives: A Comparative X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Molecular Dynamics Study of Ethane-1,2-Diol, 2-Methoxyethan-1-ol and 1,2-Dimethoxy Ethane". Crystals. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111011
O. S. Olayeriju, O. O. Crown, O. O. Elekofehinti et al.. (2020). "Effect of moonseed vine (Triclisia gilletii Staner) on ethane-1,2-diol-induced urolithiasis and its renotoxicity in Wistar albino rats". African Journal of Urology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-020-0018-x
Kai-Long Zhong. (2018). "catena-Poly[[[bis(glycolato-κ2O,O′)copper(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′] ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate]". IUCrData. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314618016322
Jochen Winkelmann. (2017). "Diffusion coefficient of ethane-1,2-diol into water and ethane-1,2-diol solution". Diffusion in Gases, Liquids and Electrolytes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73735-3_1133
Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2-diol". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_768
Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and ethane-1,2-diamine". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_764
Christian Wohlfarth. (2017). "Viscosity of the binary liquid mixture of ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol". Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_769
(2013). "Poly[aqua-(μ2-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)(μ2-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')nickel(II)].". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813003772
(2013). "Poly[diaqua-bis-(μ-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2) N:N')bis-(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)bis(μ-sulfato-κ(2) O:O')dicobalt(II)].". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813006685
(2010). "Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-κN,N')(sulfato-κO,O')zinc(II) ethane-1,2-diol solvate.". https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809055433
et al.. (2000). "Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of 2-hydroxy-2-(pentafluorophenyl)acetonitrile leading to (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-bis(pentafluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol". https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9918551
Kajal Krishna Rajak, Sujit Mondal, Sankar Prasad Rath. (2000). "Synthesis, structure and properties of mononuclear oxovanadium(V) alkoxides incorporating chelated ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol". Polyhedron. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)00336-3
(1998). "Synthesis of alpha,alpha-, alpha,Beta-, and Beta,Beta-(dimaltoside)s of ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, and butane-1,4-diol: a proposal for an initial adhesion mode.". https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00191-8
(1989). "Simple enzymatic screening assay for ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum.". https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(89)90153-8
World Intellectual Property Organization. 2024. "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)." https://www.wipo.int/pct/.
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 2024. "USPTO Patent Public Search." https://ppubs.uspto.gov/.
European Patent Office. 2024. "Espacenet Patent Search." https://worldwide.espacenet.com/.
Newman, David J., and Gordon M. Cragg. 2020. "Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019." Journal of Natural Products 83 (3): 770-803.
Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
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Lerner, Josh. 1994. "The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis." RAND Journal of Economics 25 (2): 319-333.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/patents/107-21-1?status=active&limit=10

Bibliografie (erweitert) (5)

★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Chivin, Sun. "Synthesis of spirosilicates directly from silica and ethylene glycol/ethylene glycol derivatives.". https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2000.1699. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Poly(ethylene glycol) Networks in Water for Evaluating Negative Energetic Elasticity.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01121.s001. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s001. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymer 2D Single Network at the AirWater Interface.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01398.s002. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)
★★☆☆☆ CROSSREF 🔓 OFFEN ❓ nicht verifiziert Anonymous. "Identification of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Detergents Using Peptide Search Engines.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00365.s007. Link [abgerufen: 2026-09-23] CC0 (metadata)

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📚 REFERENZEN (Gesammelte Bibliografie, Chicago Author-Date) 122 Einträge

Alle wissenschaftlichen Quellen, die in den Akkordeons oben für CAS 107-21-1 zitiert werden.Format: Chicago Manual of Style, 17. Aufl., Autor-Datum-System.

🗄️ Wissenschaftliche Datenbanken

NIST. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 107-21-1. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=107-21-1.
AIST. n.d. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 107-21-1. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/.
Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. n.d. NIST Chemistry WebBook: NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18434/T4D303.
PubChem. n.d. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 107-21-1. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=107-21-1.

📐 Standards / Richtlinien

ICH. 2003. "Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products: Q1A(R2)." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Bücher

Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📄 Wissenschaftliche Artikel (peer-reviewed)

Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

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European Medicines Agency. 2014. "Guideline on Process Validation for Finished Products — Information and Data to Be Provided EMA/CHMP/CVMP/QWP/BWP/70278/2012." European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-process-validation-finished-products-information-data-be-provided-regulatory-submissions-revision-1_en.pdf.
United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2024. "United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, USP 47-NF 42." USP. https://www.uspnf.com/.
European Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2024. "European Pharmacopoeia 11th Edition." Council of Europe — EDQM. https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-11th-edition.
Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). 2021. "Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products PE 009-15." PIC/S Secretariat, Geneva. https://picscheme.org/en/publications.
International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) and Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG). 2017. "Joint IPEC-PQG Good Manufacturing Practices Guide for Pharmaceutical Excipients." IPEC-Americas. https://ipecamericas.org/sites/default/files/IPECPQGGMPGuide2017.pdf.

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Ethylene glycol

Specification

Hazard classification

Packaging and shipping

Product Description

Delivery&Payment method

Frequently asked

Technical reading on Ethylene glycol

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Glycol coolant: seasonal buying and fluid management

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Related products

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Cyclohexanol

1-Hexanol

Kurzübersicht

Detaillierte Eigenschaften

Chemische Kennungen

Bibliografie (erweitert) (6)

IR — Fourier-Transform-Infrarot

MS — Massenspektrometrie (EI 70eV)

① Konzentration auswählen

② Zielvolumen

③ Lösungsmittel

🚨 Gefahrenhinweise (H)

🛡 Sicherheitshinweise (P)

🧬 IARC-Karzinogenitätseinstufung

🌍 Ökotoxikologie & Umweltverhalten (SDB Abschn. 8/12)

🔬 Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte (PubChem × NIOSH/OSHA)

⚠️ Harmonisierte CLP-Klassifizierung (ECHA Anhang VI)

ℹ️ GHS-Meldungen der Lieferanten (Selbsteinstufung — nicht verbindlich)

🥽 PSA — Persönliche Schutzausrüstung

🩹 Erste Hilfe

Schritt 1: Puffersystem wählen

Schritt 2: Pufferparameter

Schritt 3: Ihr Rezept

Schritt-für-Schritt-Verfahren:

Bibliografie (erweitert) (5)

🧮 Löslichkeitsrechner

Löslichkeit vs. Temperatur

🌐 Hansen Solubility Sphere (3D)

Hansen Solubility Parameters:

🧪 Lösungsmittelgemisch-Rechner

🔬 Empfohlene analytische Methoden

🤖 Generator metod

📚 Methoden aus der Datenbank

💬 Von Nutzern eingereichte Methoden

📥 Methoden exportieren

Verdünnung (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)

Molarität (M=n/V)

pH-Puffer (Henderson-Hasselbalch)

Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)

Masse → Mol

Konzentration % → M

ppm → mg/L

Temperatur C↔F↔K

Geben Sie ein, was Sie zubereiten möchten — ich erstelle eine SOP

📊 Vollständiger HPLC-Methodenleitfaden Fachlich begutachtet

📈 Molecular Predictor

⚠ Echtes Chemiker-Problem

Why am I not seeing any peaks?

✅ So lösen wir das

Exact Solvent List

Grade Explanations

Consumption Calculator

Results

Shopping List

🔧 Interaktiver Rechner

Results

📚 Deep Education

Die Chemie der mobilen Phase verstehen

Why Acetonitrile vs Methanol?

Van Deemter Equation Impact

Buffer Selection: Why NH₄HCO₃?

💵 Cost Savings Calculator

1. Solwenty — ACN vs MeOH

2. Kolumna — z guard vs bez

3. Method development — SOP vs scratch

4. Fast gradient (high-throughput) — ROI

Vollständiger HPLC-Methodenleitfaden Fachlich begutachtet

Molecular Predictor

Echtes Chemiker-Problem

So lösen wir das

Interaktiver Rechner

Deep Education

Cost Savings Calculator

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Gradient Problem From The Lab

Our Gradient Strategy

Gradient Visualizer

Snyder-Dolan LSS Model

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Column Choice Dilemma

Recommended Columns

Column Lifetime Rules

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Detection Gotcha

DAD Settings

Alternative Detectors

Validation Reality Check

USP <621> + ICH Q2(R1) Criteria

Pre-Flight SST Checklist

Regulatory Compliance

Method Comparison Matrix

Interactive Troubleshooting Tree

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Prep Mistakes That Ruined The Run

Sample Prep Protocol

Why Filter 0.22 μm?

Forensische Analyse — echte Fehlschlag-Geschichten Gelernte Lektionen

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