Does BMA mean n-butyl methacrylate or isobutyl methacrylate?

In most commercial usage the bare abbreviation means the normal isomer, n-butyl methacrylate, CAS 97-88-1. The branched isomer, isobutyl methacrylate, is a different substance with its own identifiers and a different contribution to copolymer hardness, and the tertiary isomer is different again. Because all three are abbreviated loosely in day-to-day correspondence, an order written as BMA alone is ambiguous. Write the full chemical name and the CAS number on every enquiry, purchase order and goods-inwards record.

Why must the monomer not be blanketed with pure nitrogen?

Because the stabiliser used in commercial methacrylate monomers requires dissolved oxygen to function. It intercepts radicals by a mechanism that consumes oxygen, so a drum stripped of oxygen contains an inhibitor that is chemically present and functionally absent. The correct headspace is air, or air diluted with nitrogen to a specified oxygen content, never an inert blanket. This is one of the very few cases in a chemical store where displacing oxygen makes a material more dangerous rather than less, and it catches people whose instinct is trained on flammable solvents.

How should inhibitor content be read on a certificate?

As a starting condition rather than a permanent property. The certificate reports the inhibitor level at release; that level falls in storage as the stabiliser does its job, and it falls faster in warm conditions, in light and in the presence of contamination. A long-stored drum can meet its original certificate on every other line while having very little inhibitor left. Where storage has been long or uncertain, retest the inhibitor level before charging a reactor rather than relying on the release figure.

What is popcorn polymerisation and why does it matter here?

It is a self-propagating, expanding polymer growth that forms in dead legs, vapour spaces, valve bonnets and residues where inhibitor cannot reach. Once seeded it continues under conditions that would not start a normal polymerisation, and it grows mechanically enough to jam valves and distort equipment. The controls are housekeeping controls: no unswept dead legs, no long-standing residues, no lines left full between campaigns, and clean vessels before refilling. It is not a reason to avoid methacrylate monomers, but it is a reason to design the pipework as if the monomer were reactive, because it is.

How does the butyl ester change a copolymer compared with the methyl one?

The four-carbon ester side chain is flexible and bulky, so it loosens chain packing and lowers the temperature at which the polymer softens. Against the methyl ester it gives a softer, more flexible and more extensible polymer, better adhesion and easier film formation, at the cost of hardness and block resistance. Against the corresponding acrylate it gives a harder polymer with the weathering advantage of the methacrylate backbone. Formulators use it as the soft component of an all-methacrylate system, which keeps the durability while tuning flexibility.

Was ist Citronensäure?

Citronensäure ist eine chemische Verbindung, registriert unter der CAS-Nummer 77-92-9. Summenformel: C6H8O7. Molmasse: 192.12 g/mol. IUPAC: 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.

Wie lautet die CAS-Nummer von Citronensäure?

Die CAS-Nummer von Citronensäure ist 77-92-9 — eine eindeutige Kennung des Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS).

Wie lautet die Summenformel von Citronensäure?

Summenformel: C6H8O7. Molmasse: 192.12 g/mol. logP (XLogP3): -1.7. PSA: 132 Å².

Welche GHS-Gefahren hat Citronensäure?

Gemäß der GHS-Klassifizierung muss Citronensäure mit den folgenden Gefahrenhinweisen gekennzeichnet werden: H319 (Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.), H335 (Kann die Atemwege reizen.).

Wo kann ich Citronensäure kaufen?

Citronensäure ist in unserem Shop erhältlich. Produkt ansehen: https://epchems.online/products/citric-acid-monohydrate-77-92-9/

Woher stammen die chemischen Daten für Citronensäure?

Die chemischen Daten für Citronensäure stammen aus zuverlässigen Quellen: PubChem (NIH), ChEMBL (EBI). PubChem CID: 311. Konform mit der CLP-Verordnung (EG 1272/2008), verfügbar unter der Lizenz CC-BY 4.0.

Citronensäure

Citric Acid

CAS 77-92-9 · C₆H₈O₇ · MW 192.12 g/mol

Über Citronensäure

Citronensäure ist eine chemische Verbindung, registriert unter der Nummer CAS 77-92-9, mit der Summenformel C₆H₈O₇, und einer Molmasse von 192.12 g/mol.

Das Molekül enthält 21 Atome, verbunden durch 20 chemische Bindungen. Der vollständige systematische IUPAC-Name dieser Verbindung lautet 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. Das interaktive 3D-Modell oben zeigt die räumliche Anordnung der Atome — Sie können es mit der Maus drehen, mit dem Scrollrad zoomen und zwischen den Darstellungsmodi Skelett / Ball & Stick / Space Fill wechseln.

Hinsichtlich der physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Verteilungskoeffizient logP = -1.7 (negativer Wert, hydrophile Verbindung), polare Oberfläche PSA = 132 Å², 4 Donatoren und 7 Wasserstoffbrücken-Akzeptoren. Diese Parameter sind entscheidend für die Beurteilung der Bioverfügbarkeit und der Wechselwirkung mit Biomolekülen.

Die chemischen Daten für diese Verbindung stammen aus PubChem (NIH NLM NCBI), einer der größten chemischen Datenbanken der Welt. Alle Informationen werden automatisch aktualisiert und um GHS-Gefahrenhinweise gemäß der CLP-Verordnung (EG 1272/2008) ergänzt. Das obige Widget darf für Bildungs-, Forschungs- und kommerzielle Zwecke verwendet werden.

Physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaften

Wzór sumaryczny	C₆H₈O₇
Masa molowa	192.12 g/mol
IUPAC	2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
SMILES	`C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O`
InChIKey	`KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N`
logP (XLogP3)	-1.7
PSA	132 Å²
HBD / HBA	4 / 7
PubChem CID	CID 311 ↗

GHS-Sicherheit

Sygnał: Uwaga

GHS07

H319 — Działa drażniąco na oczy

H335 — Może powodować podrażnienie dróg oddechowych

Wissenschaftliche Literatur

Literatura naukowa

12 artykułów · 7 open access · Źródła: PubMed, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar

📈 Timeline publikacji (12 artykułów)

Wysokość słupka = liczba artykułów w roku. Hover dla szczegółów.

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4,4′-Bipyridine–2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (3/2)

(2009) · Acta Crystallographica Section E

Cytowania: 7Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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Scientific Opinion on the safety evaluation of the active substances citric acid (E330) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (E500ii), used as carbon dioxide generators, together with liquid absorbers cellulose and polyacrylic acid sodium salt crosslinked, in active food contact materials

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) (2013) · EFSA Journal

Cytowania: 4Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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A Novel Biodegradable Poly (Hydroxybutanedioic Acid-co-2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid) Copolymer for Water Treatment Applications

N. Mithil Kumar, K. Kanny (2013) · Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials

Cytowania: 8Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

Antimicrobial Property of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-Tricarboxylic Acid Isolated from Citrus microcarpa Extract

Seong Wei Lee, Musa Najiah (2009) · Agricultural Sciences in China

Cytowania: 11$ PaywallDOI ↗

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Optimization of Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopic Studies of 2-Acetoxybenzoic Acid with 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-Tricarboxylic Acid Crystal

C. Muthuselvi, S. Amirthakan, M. Saranya (2021) · Current Research in Chemistry

Cytowania: 2Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

Solubility of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid Monohydrate in Different Binary Solvents from (278.15 to 303.15) K

Yanan Qin, Xuemei Wang, Songgu Wu et al. (2014) · Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data

Cytowania: 5$ PaywallDOI ↗

Thermal and flammable properties of rigid PUR–PIR foams obtained by using new compounds based on 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

Joanna Liszkowska, Bogusław Czupryński, Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska et al. (2015) · Journal of Cellular Plastics

Cytowania: 5$ PaywallDOI ↗

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Di- and tetranuclear gadolinium (III) complexes of 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid : identification and characterization

Mohammed Riri, Farid Hadhoudi, Mustapha Hor et al. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Chemistry

Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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Multifunctional poly(citric acid)-based ionic liquid polymer composite for scale control and emulsion stabilization: structural and interfacial mechanistic evaluation

Mostafa Y. Nassar, Elbadawy A. Kamoun, Norah Alsadun et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports

Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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Safety assessment of the active substances citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate for use in active food contact materials

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) (2016) · EFSA Journal

Cytowania: 4Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIES OF CITRIC ACID AND MALONIC ACID BASED ASPIRIN EFFERVESCENT TABLETS.

(2010)

$ PaywallDOI ↗PDF ↗

THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE.

(1966)

$ PaywallDOI ↗PDF ↗

Dane z PubMed (NIH NLM), OpenAlex (CC0), Semantic Scholar (AI2). AI Summary wygenerowane przez Semantic Scholar TLDR. Artykuły z ikoną wymagają płatnego dostępu.

Synonyme

citric acid · 77-92-9 · 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid · Citric acid, anhydrous · Aciletten · Anhydrous citric acid · Citro · Citretten · Citric acid anhydrous · Chemfill · Hydrocerol A · 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy- · 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid · Kyselina citronova · 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid

Datenquellen

📊 PubChem CID 311 — NIH
🔬 NIST WebBook — spektroskopia
🌐 Wikidata
💊 ChEMBL — bioaktywność

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