Does BMA mean n-butyl methacrylate or isobutyl methacrylate?

In most commercial usage the bare abbreviation means the normal isomer, n-butyl methacrylate, CAS 97-88-1. The branched isomer, isobutyl methacrylate, is a different substance with its own identifiers and a different contribution to copolymer hardness, and the tertiary isomer is different again. Because all three are abbreviated loosely in day-to-day correspondence, an order written as BMA alone is ambiguous. Write the full chemical name and the CAS number on every enquiry, purchase order and goods-inwards record.

Why must the monomer not be blanketed with pure nitrogen?

Because the stabiliser used in commercial methacrylate monomers requires dissolved oxygen to function. It intercepts radicals by a mechanism that consumes oxygen, so a drum stripped of oxygen contains an inhibitor that is chemically present and functionally absent. The correct headspace is air, or air diluted with nitrogen to a specified oxygen content, never an inert blanket. This is one of the very few cases in a chemical store where displacing oxygen makes a material more dangerous rather than less, and it catches people whose instinct is trained on flammable solvents.

How should inhibitor content be read on a certificate?

As a starting condition rather than a permanent property. The certificate reports the inhibitor level at release; that level falls in storage as the stabiliser does its job, and it falls faster in warm conditions, in light and in the presence of contamination. A long-stored drum can meet its original certificate on every other line while having very little inhibitor left. Where storage has been long or uncertain, retest the inhibitor level before charging a reactor rather than relying on the release figure.

What is popcorn polymerisation and why does it matter here?

It is a self-propagating, expanding polymer growth that forms in dead legs, vapour spaces, valve bonnets and residues where inhibitor cannot reach. Once seeded it continues under conditions that would not start a normal polymerisation, and it grows mechanically enough to jam valves and distort equipment. The controls are housekeeping controls: no unswept dead legs, no long-standing residues, no lines left full between campaigns, and clean vessels before refilling. It is not a reason to avoid methacrylate monomers, but it is a reason to design the pipework as if the monomer were reactive, because it is.

How does the butyl ester change a copolymer compared with the methyl one?

The four-carbon ester side chain is flexible and bulky, so it loosens chain packing and lowers the temperature at which the polymer softens. Against the methyl ester it gives a softer, more flexible and more extensible polymer, better adhesion and easier film formation, at the cost of hardness and block resistance. Against the corresponding acrylate it gives a harder polymer with the weathering advantage of the methacrylate backbone. Formulators use it as the soft component of an all-methacrylate system, which keeps the durability while tuning flexibility.

Citric acid is a chemical compound registered under CAS number 77-92-9. Molecular formula: C6H8O7. Molar mass: 192.12 g/mol. IUPAC: 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.

What is the CAS number of Citric acid?

The CAS number of Citric acid is 77-92-9 — a unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) identifier.

What is the molecular formula of Citric acid?

Molecular formula: C6H8O7. Molar mass: 192.12 g/mol. logP (XLogP3): -1.7. PSA: 132 Å².

What are the GHS hazards of Citric acid?

Under the GHS classification, Citric acid must be labelled with the following hazard statements: H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation).

Where can I buy Citric acid?

Citric acid is available in our shop. View the product: https://epchems.online/products/citric-acid-monohydrate-77-92-9/

Where does the chemical data for Citric acid come from?

Chemical data for Citric acid comes from authoritative sources: PubChem (NIH), ChEMBL (EBI). PubChem CID: 311. Compliant with the CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008), available under the CC-BY 4.0 licence.

Citric acid

Citric Acid

CAS 77-92-9 · C₆H₈O₇ · MW 192.12 g/mol

About Citric acid

Citric acid is a chemical compound registered under number CAS 77-92-9, with the molecular formula C₆H₈O₇, and a molar mass of 192.12 g/mol.

The molecule contains 21 atoms connected by 20 chemical bonds. The full systematic IUPAC name of this compound is 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. The interactive 3D model above lets you view the spatial arrangement of the atoms — you can rotate it with the mouse, zoom with the scroll wheel, and switch between skeletal / Ball & Stick / Space Fill visualization modes.

In terms of physicochemical properties, the partition coefficient logP = -1.7 (negative value, a hydrophilic compound), polar surface area PSA = 132 Å², 4 donors and 7 hydrogen bond acceptors. These parameters are key when assessing bioavailability and interaction with biomolecules.

Chemical data for this compound comes from PubChem (NIH NLM NCBI), one of the world's largest chemical databases. All information is updated automatically and enriched with GHS hazard statement translations compliant with the CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008). The widget above may be used for educational, research and commercial purposes.

Physicochemical properties

Wzór sumaryczny	C₆H₈O₇
Masa molowa	192.12 g/mol
IUPAC	2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
SMILES	`C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O`
InChIKey	`KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N`
logP (XLogP3)	-1.7
PSA	132 Å²
HBD / HBA	4 / 7
PubChem CID	CID 311 ↗

GHS safety

Sygnał: Uwaga

GHS07

H319 — Działa drażniąco na oczy

H335 — Może powodować podrażnienie dróg oddechowych

Scientific literature

Literatura naukowa

12 artykułów · 7 open access · Źródła: PubMed, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar

📈 Timeline publikacji (12 artykułów)

Wysokość słupka = liczba artykułów w roku. Hover dla szczegółów.

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4,4′-Bipyridine–2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (3/2)

(2009) · Acta Crystallographica Section E

Cytowania: 7Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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Scientific Opinion on the safety evaluation of the active substances citric acid (E330) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (E500ii), used as carbon dioxide generators, together with liquid absorbers cellulose and polyacrylic acid sodium salt crosslinked, in active food contact materials

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) (2013) · EFSA Journal

Cytowania: 4Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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A Novel Biodegradable Poly (Hydroxybutanedioic Acid-co-2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid) Copolymer for Water Treatment Applications

N. Mithil Kumar, K. Kanny (2013) · Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials

Cytowania: 8Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

Antimicrobial Property of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-Tricarboxylic Acid Isolated from Citrus microcarpa Extract

Seong Wei Lee, Musa Najiah (2009) · Agricultural Sciences in China

Cytowania: 11$ PaywallDOI ↗

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Optimization of Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopic Studies of 2-Acetoxybenzoic Acid with 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-Tricarboxylic Acid Crystal

C. Muthuselvi, S. Amirthakan, M. Saranya (2021) · Current Research in Chemistry

Cytowania: 2Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

Solubility of 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid Monohydrate in Different Binary Solvents from (278.15 to 303.15) K

Yanan Qin, Xuemei Wang, Songgu Wu et al. (2014) · Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data

Cytowania: 5$ PaywallDOI ↗

Thermal and flammable properties of rigid PUR–PIR foams obtained by using new compounds based on 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

Joanna Liszkowska, Bogusław Czupryński, Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska et al. (2015) · Journal of Cellular Plastics

Cytowania: 5$ PaywallDOI ↗

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Di- and tetranuclear gadolinium (III) complexes of 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid : identification and characterization

Mohammed Riri, Farid Hadhoudi, Mustapha Hor et al. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Chemistry

Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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Multifunctional poly(citric acid)-based ionic liquid polymer composite for scale control and emulsion stabilization: structural and interfacial mechanistic evaluation

Mostafa Y. Nassar, Elbadawy A. Kamoun, Norah Alsadun et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports

Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

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Safety assessment of the active substances citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate for use in active food contact materials

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) (2016) · EFSA Journal

Cytowania: 4Open AccessDOI ↗PDF ↗

BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIES OF CITRIC ACID AND MALONIC ACID BASED ASPIRIN EFFERVESCENT TABLETS.

(2010)

$ PaywallDOI ↗PDF ↗

THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE.

(1966)

$ PaywallDOI ↗PDF ↗

Dane z PubMed (NIH NLM), OpenAlex (CC0), Semantic Scholar (AI2). AI Summary wygenerowane przez Semantic Scholar TLDR. Artykuły z ikoną wymagają płatnego dostępu.

Synonyms

citric acid · 77-92-9 · 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid · Citric acid, anhydrous · Aciletten · Anhydrous citric acid · Citro · Citretten · Citric acid anhydrous · Chemfill · Hydrocerol A · 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy- · 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid · Kyselina citronova · 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid

Data sources

📊 PubChem CID 311 — NIH
🔬 NIST WebBook — spektroskopia
🌐 Wikidata
💊 ChEMBL — bioaktywność

Buy in the shop

Citric acid monohydrate →

Related molecules

Butyl glycol CAS 111-76-2 · C6H14O2 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) CAS 9002-89-5 1-Hexanol CAS 111-27-3 · C6H14O Benzyl Alcohol CAS 100-51-6 · C7H8O Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether CAS 111-96-6 · C6H14O3 L-Alanine CAS 56-41-7 · C3H7NO2